British Computing Society Code of Conduct

Question: Discuss about the British Computing Society Code of Conduct. Answer: During the past years and present time, the function of the British Computer Society (BCS) has become significant. Such that for all the individuals to take up a line of work as ICT (information communication technology) and IS (information systems) workers, the codes of practice and ethic has to be foundation of transporting their obligations. Though, seriously looking at the codes of practice and ethics which centers upon the (public interest, obligation to the manager and customers, obligation to the job and professional ability and reliability) with practices of some people in the job who were imaginary to be bound by the codes of practice and ethics, one would wonder if these codes of practice and ethics were just for the books (The British Computer Society, 2004). The Code of Conduct: Set out the specialized principles which were required by BCS as a preliminary requirement for attaining membership by an individual; Applies to all the individuals, irrespective of their association grade, the function they fulfill and perform, or the jurisdiction where they were working or discharge their contractual duties. Governs the behavior of the person and not the character of the trade in which he works or principles of any Relevant Authority for which a IT professional like me was working and carrying out his task. Employees were anticipated to work out their own judgment (which should be made in such a manner as to be practically acceptable) in order to meet the necessities of the code and seek advice if an individual have any kind of doubt. Similarly, there have been a number of issues which have been face by all the experts in this field. There have been a major number of ethical, social and lawful issues which have been observed to have been taken place at an immense scale. The working of such kind of experts affect the lives of others as they typically obtain as a part of their official training different classes which deal with the ethical issues which were common to their experts (Relkin, 2006). Ethical Issues As, it has been well understood by all the individuals that ethical issues have been regarded as a circumstance that needs an individual or association to decide among options that must be assessed as right i.e. ethical or wrong i.e. unethical (Hack, 2016). The major ethical challenges facing by information technology are security, privacy and copy right infringement. Under the BCS institute ethical issues may include Public Interest. So, being a IT professional it is my duty to: Carry out things with precautions and carry out a thing which would be for the benefit for the heath of people and its surroundings. Perform a task by keeping in mind that the privileges of an individual were not affected. Treat all the individuals in an equal manner irrespective of any caste, sex, gender, etc. Also allow people to use the IT services in a well reputed manner (Berzai, 2012). So, it has been my duty to act for the welfare of the public and not for my personal interest. Also, at the same time I have a obligation to abide by the codes. A computer misuse act makes use of computer for unlawful actions. In todays digitalized world, individuals were spending a momentous part of their lives at job with the internet. So, in IT profession the probability of misutilization of computer has slowly improved. By sharing login details to the friends, copying contravention material like music, movies concluded in misutilization On the other hand, in IT profession illegal Hacking was also one of the crucial crimes where unlawful Hackers utilize their unlawful admittance for critical aims without the privileges from the superior authorities. Introduction of this Computer misuse act 1990 in the field of IT decreased the risk factor of unlawful access, every persons private computer lawfully were safeguarded from any unlawful hackers under the criminal law. Sosial Issues A social issue has been regarded as an issue that pressures a substantial number of the persons within a community. It was often the outcome of features extending beyond the social issue of a person which was the source of a incompatible view on the grounds of what was supposed as a honorably just private life (Gotterban, 2001). Under the BCS institute, I being an IT professional could get rid of such issues by way of specialized capability and honesty. So, being an IT professional I should should: Take and carry out such work for which he was capable and have skill and expertise. Not ask for any kind of ability which was not obtained by an individual in this field. Enlarge his skill and expertise with widening his knowledge scope with observing the things which were going on in this dynamic world and should change with that. Ensure that he has the awareness and have knowledge of the regulations in carrying out his specialized tasks, etc (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2012). For example, Green issues was one of the important disputes in todays world which people face presently to gain acquaintance and plays a important function in IT industry . By way of Green IT, a number of ecological effects in the world were caused such as the utilization of printer; the comprehensive paper utilization has tripled in the last three decades as a result of which deforestation occurred (Shinder, 2005). Harmful impacts have taken place by the inappropriate computer and e-waste recycling as a result of which the health of the public was hampered because it includes Polybrominated Flame Retardants and Barium. While recycling the parts of computer there was no assured privacy for the personal information. Deleting all the files does not essentially delete all the files. So, it was protected to over written the hard disk. Also, Green issues have been taken in to consideration in the IT industry for better community. IT also plays a crucial role in this modern time. Everything has become online and commercial but all these amenities were not available to all the individuals. Without access to IT, disabled people were not capable to live life as normal human beings. So, some software products were designed that could be utilized by the users with a wide range of disabilities and abilities was known as Universal design". Speech and hearing chaos alone not hinder with the utilization of computer (Bloom, 2014). Legal Isues Legal issues have been universally includes the examination for defamatory or false declarations before the copy goes to print. This was an particularly significant step to make sure that publishers dont obligate libel by producing imprecise or fallacious facts or declarations about individuals or actions (Duquenoy, 2016). The British Computer Society (BCS) might have observed to set the standard as a guide for all the individuals who want to be in the occupation and would require to work and practice in the state and even members that would require to work outsides it coast would also be abided by the codes of practice and ethics (Tech ICT, 2016). Conversely, when it comes to concrete situation of a workplace then there were a lot of divergences which would be seen from the codes of practice and ethics with immaterial reasons or shifting of blames (Kerber, 2016). Therefore, under the BCS code and the institute which governs such code the legal issue could be of two types. Duty to Relevant Authority: Under this, it could be stated that it was the obligation which was granted to me that I should: Do the work with compliance, and due care and regard with the rules which the authorities have made. Not carry out any work by which a disagreement takes place between the IT expert and the authority governing it. Not disclose any secret and important data of an individual or of the corporation to any other party for the benefit of oneself, etc (The British Computer Society, 2004). Example: Data protection Act 1998 was the law in UK that needs all the corporations to keep protected any private and secret information that it might hold about the people. In todays time, protection of information has become one of the main problems with the enlarging technology in IT world. With the accessible new technologies in the market Unlawful hacking, privacy, cybercrime could be observed often in all the professions (Warren, 2016). So, at the end it could be concluded that after analyzing the issues which form a part of my job it could be stated that most of the crimes were seen to be taking place as a result of fundamental probabilities in the system which vestiges unnoticed due to lack of knowledge (The British Computer Society, 2016). As a consequence of such issues, all the PC pertinent harms could not be disinfected. So, by pertaining hot joins and scraps these anxieties which were made regarding protections could be enclosed .Privacy could be remembered by abiding by not giving out the passwords to friends. A complicated interruption anticipation scheme in place would hamper a number of trespassers and protects the system and network. It could be recommended that if a recurrent auditing in the IT infrastructure and review could take place it would assist in scheduling and implementing the systems of the security. So, accordingly it could be stated that the finest thing was to be in stroke with computer experts and amalgamation in regard to their societies. Individuals were regarded as the fundamental building slabs of the community. So the verdict making issue should initiate from the essence of the entire computer client. A center on the data system malfunction and study on them could put light on the principles of the computer industry. So, if the societies were doing good then it would be for sure make a high-quality force in the advancement of a good state and in turn a good globe could lead to a better world. To conquer this an individual should esteem the privacy of other individual, the utilization of any software should not hamper any other individual and end-users who should be willing to pay the closed source applications and supply for sharewares .If an individual come across any inconsistency utilization of the internal sense to delight in the requirement to keep the lawful individual who was conversant about the issue. Workers should abide to the guiding principles of the organizations. Therefore, to get rid of such issues sincerity and honesty should be adopted. References Berzai, L. (2012) Ethical Problems in Computing. [Online]Association of Information Technology Professionals. Available from: https://www.aitp.org/news/98451/ [Accessed on 22/12/16] Bloom, E. (2014) 12 Characteristics of Successful IT Professionals. [Online] Chief Information Officers. Available from: https://www.cio.com/article/2375264/careers-staffing/12-characteristics-of-successful-it-professionals.html?page=2 [Accessed on 22/12/16] Duquenoy, P. (2016) Ethical Implications of ICT for Professional Bodies. [Online]Middlesex University. Available from: https://cepis.org/media/EthicsMC.Duquenoy1.pdf [Accessed on 22/12/16] Gotterban, D. (2001) Science and Engineering Ethics. Information and Professional Responsibility. [Online] Available from: https://www.ccsr.cse.dmu.ac.uk/jpapers/papers/Gotterbarn_2001_see.pdf [Accessed on 22/12/16] Hack, M. (2016) How to solve the biggest issues facing IT professionals in 2016. [Online]IT Pro Portal. Available from: https://www.itproportal.com/2016/01/07/how-to-solve-the-biggest-issues-facing-it-professionals-in-2016/ [Accessed on 22/12/16] Kerber, M. (2016) Professionalism BCS Codes .[Online] Computer Science. Available from: https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~mmk/teaching/commskills/s4.pdf [Accessed on 22/12/16] Marholis, D. (2016) 7 Characteristics of Successful IT Professionals. [Online]Comp TIA. Available from: https://certification.comptia.org/it-career-news/post/view/2016/10/24/7-characteristics-of-successful-it-professionals [Accessed on 22/12/16] Relkin, J. (2006) 10 ethical issues confronting IT managers. [Online] Tech Republic. Available from: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/10-ethical-issues-confronting-it-managers/ [Accessed on 22/12/16] Shinder, D. (2005) Ethical Issues for IT Security Professionals. [Online] Window Security.Available from: https://www.windowsecurity.com/articles-tutorials/misc_network_security/Ethical-Issues-IT-Security-Professionals.html [Accessed on 22/12/16] Shinder, D. (2005) Ethical issues for IT security professionals. [Online] Computer World. Available from: https://www.computerworld.com/article/2557944/security0/ethical-issues-for-it-security-professionals.html [Accessed on 22/12/16] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2012) Information Technology and Moral Values. [Online] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/it-moral-values/ [Accessed on 22/12/16] Tech ICT. (2016) British Computing Society Code of Conduct. [Online] Tech ICT. Available from: https://www.teach-ict.com/as_a2_ict_new/ocr/A2_G063/336_implications_ict/ethics/miniweb/pg9.htm [Accessed on 22/12/16] The British Computer Society. (2004) Codes of Good Practice. [Online] The British Computer Society Available from: https://www.bcs.org//upload/pdf/cop.pdf [Accessed on 22/12/16] The British Computer Society. (2016) BCS Code of Conduct. [Online] The British Computer Society. Available from: https://www.bcs.org/category/6030 [Accessed on 22/12/16] The British Computer Society. (2016) British Computer Society Code of Conduct. [Online] The British Computer Society. Available from: https://cgi.csc.liv.ac.uk/~comp39x/2015-16/guides/BCS_CoC.pdf [Accessed on 22/12/16] Warren, E. (2016) Legal, Ethical, and Professional Issues in Information Security. [Online] Cengage. Available from: https://www.cengage.com/resource_uploads/downloads/1111138214_259148.pdf [Accessed on 22/12/16]

Nature and Importance of Management Accounting Free Sample

Questions: 1.Explain the Nature and Importance of Management Accounting, and the Current Roles and Responsibilities of Management Accountants in Contemporary Business Organizations. 2.Identify and Analyse Ethical and Organisational Issues Confronting Contemporary Management Accountants. Answers: Introduction Management accounting has been delineated in diverse approaches, despite if by depicting its responsibilities or revealing its targets and modus operandi. By and large, it could be wonderful that the usual implication of management accounting represents management accounting since the reality of making figures available to the chiefs; therefore management accountants were thought-out to be only the figures suppliers. Then again, in the latest studies, management accountants are seen as leaders and joining forces of management persons. A lot of the roles in the accounting division require a predefined level of proficiency proportionate with a bachelor grade or higher education. In a few of the cases applicable know-how and/or on-the-job training might also be needed along with the formal education (based on the ANZSCO Skill Level 1). I. Nature and importance of management accounting The motivation behind management accounting in the firm is to bolster focused leadership by assembling, preparing, and conveying figures that assists management plan, control, and appraises business actions and business performance. The fascinating thing regarding management accounting is that it is not easy to locate somebody in a business that has the designation of "management accountant." Usually several persons act like accountants in the firm, however these persons normally work like the internal auditors, costs accountants, taxation accountants, or budgetary accountants. In any case, the competence to form and exploit great management accounting (which is much more than just the item costing prepared by cost accountants) is truly an essential competence for some persons, together with finance specialists, operational and promotion directors, top management, and IT people. Current roles and responsibilities of management accountants in contemporary business organizations In general, in a big-size firm, all departments have a chief accountant known as the controller; in addition to a significant element of the management accounting that is performed in these departments goes which is administered by the controller. Nevertheless, the controller as a rule, has to report to the Vice President (Finance) for the department who, is then reporting to the finance subdivisions leader or potentially the chief finance officer (CFO). This group is accountable for the communication regarding valuable accounting figures that forms basis of great plans, controls, and measurement work that ensues within the firm. Management accounting has a vital part in modern businesses. The top accountant in lots of firm is the controller. every one of accounting capacities have to report in to this person, together with the cost accountants, the taxation accountants, the inside reviewers, auditing teams and work force in system supports. Despite the truth that a good deal of management accounting begins in these posts, all chiefs in the firm have to see how to formulate and exploit great management accounting figures. In all, Management accounting is additionally influenced by huge enhancements in technology and improvement. The modern innovation authorizes the management to record the execution figures that are much more than the cost-based figures of past general ledgers. The effective management accounting has a duty to take care of a wide set of lots of critical figures. Subsequently, the people who create and use management accounts have to expect and be ready to cope up with various moral issues. Nevertheless it can be stated that the management accounting is not only for the manufacturing firms. Administration, servicing and marketing businesses demonstrate a substantially bigger subdivision of the Australian market than does the assembling trade. Moreover, the appearance of the Internet and web based trading is leading to huge changes to lots of firms and projects. 2.Recognize and evaluate ethical and organisational issues confronting contemporary management accountants. The same for 20 jobs listed underneath have been segregated into 7 broad heads: No. Position Title Position Requirements (selection criteria, responsibilities, etc.) Cost and Management Accounting Criteria Required for Position Key Requirements for the position: 1. Management accountants They have a responsibility to go by the maximum principles of ethical responsibility and keep up superior proficient image. - Ability -Secrecy -Trustworthiness -Believability CA/CPA trained or comparable with 2-5 years qualified experience Earlier involvement in a Product Costing/Manufacturing situation fundamental Knowledge of ABC/standard costing forms a particular favourable position Highly structured with solid interest for detailing Experience in examining information in excel files Excellently composed and verbal communicating abilities 2. Cost accountants Cost accountants are accountable for budgeting, cost managing, performance assessment and asset managing inside a business or firm. They classically team up as element of a decision-making team to generate a financial plan for the firm. Trained cost accountant with 2-5 years qualified experience Earlier involvement in cost managing and asset management Knowledge of ABC/standard costing forms a particular favourable position Highly structured with solid interest for decision making 3. Divisional management accounting The divisional manager is accountable for the funded project's generally programmatic and financial course. In that responsibility, he or she should make a decision how best to assign the accessible financial resources to productively perform the project acts, and might need the department's support with the habitual formalities linked to the responsibility and expenses of finances and in the usual assessment of the project's financial position. Project management Budgeting Financial management 4. Senior co-ordinator Budgeting on quarterly and yearly basis Maintain confidentiality and accuracy Budgeting Joint ventures Performance analysis 5. Financial accountant Managing finance, budgets, teams of financing managers Maintain confidentiality and precision Trained cost accountant with 2-5 years qualified experience Earlier involvement in cost managing and asset management Knowledge of ABC/standard costing forms a particular favourable position Highly structured with solid interest for decision making 6 Book keeper Quick, and analytical Maintain confidentiality and accuracy Maintain records of the business 7. ERM manager They have a responsibility to go by the maximum principles of ethical responsibility and keep up superior proficient image. -Ability -Secrecy -Trustworthiness -Believability Experienced in ERM MBA in finance Application of ERm Management accountants have to act morally. They have a responsibility to go by the maximum principles of ethical responsibility and keep up superior proficient image. The Institution of Management Accountants (IMA) has created four models of moral expert behaviour. The IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practice has been adored as the focal system of morals for management accountants. Ability Maintain a fitting level of expert mastery by consistently gaining information and abilities. Give the choice decision support details and implications that are accurate apparent, compact, and opportune Identify and convey proficient confinements or different limitations that would rule out dependable opinion or successful carrying out of an action. Secrecy Keep data secret with the exception of when divulgence is approved or lawfully needed. Notify all important stakeholders with respect to proper utilization of private data. Keep track of the subordinates' acts to guarantee consistence. Avoid the use of classified data for exploitative or illicit benefit. Trustworthiness Mitigate genuine irreconcilable circumstances; consistently speak with business partners to prevent clear irreconcilable circumstances. Inform all stakeholders with respect to any possible clashes. Abstain from taking part in any behaviour that would lead to bias completing obligations morally. Stay away from taking part in or supporting whichever action that may dishonour the occupation (Miller, 2010). Believability Communicate data logically and unbiasedly. Inform about all chief data that could judiciously be relied upon to influence a targeted client's conception of the reports, assessments, or suggestions. Inform about the deferrals or inadequacies in data, convenience, preparing, or inside controls in conformance with business approach and additionally relevant law Seek.com.au is the webpage which has majority of these posts. The positions are termed as cost accountant Financial accountants and just accountants also. Private sector is the common sector providing these openings. The common skills and key responsibilities are: Summary of the key Responsibilities: Working all over specialty units to give and build up the corporation's Strategic Plan Produce month to month reporting packs including planning, forecasting, variance investigation and KPI's Offer latest Product/procedure costing and investigation Develop, enhance and keep up the cost accounting models Re-examine project exhibitions, giving investigation on outcomes Process upgrades and report computerization Impromptu reporting and investigation where needed Summary of Key Requirements for the position: CA/CPA trained or comparable with 2-5 years qualified experience Earlier involvement in a Product Costing/Manufacturing situation fundamental Knowledge of ABC/standard costing forms a particular favourable position Highly structured with solid interest for detailing Experience in examining information in excel files Excellently composed and verbal communicating abilities A management accountant had to present and keep up accounting frameworks. He advises on the choice and appliance of the innovative and latest accounting frameworks. He has to maintain the internal control systems and he might assess cash flow and monetary risk of capital investment ventures (Groen, Wouters, Wilderom, 2016). As per the analysis, the management accountant is one who has to keep track of the business earnings and expenses but also hold a position with noteworthy accountability and influence. A management accountant's job roles, skill set and prescribed educational needs have to be aligned to the professional titles that can assist the individual to get the position and go ahead. The skills and educational qualification have to be combined to climb the career ladder in the management accounting jobs. Out of the given 5 websites, www.seek.com.au/jobs had the maximum number of jobs available in this area, More or less the requirements of all these jobs had been same in terms of ethical roles and responsibilities, even though the job qualifications and experiences differ as per the need of the open position and company. Other webpages have a complicated framework and fetch very few related jobs, so seek.com.au is a preffered web page to look for the jobs. Conclusion As per the analysis of the openings posted on different websites, the role of accountant is to plan, survey and oversee accounting frameworks and methods, examinations the money related data needs of associations, gives counsel on budgetary arranging and hazard management, and furnishes management with reports to aid basic leadership ("1220.0 ANZSCO, 2017). He has to give knowledge into cost execution and bolster the usage of benchmarking and change activities. Enlistment or licensing is compulsory. The accountant plays a major role by helping with planning budgetary and accounting arrangements. He gets ready the money related proclamations for meetings with shareholders, the board of executives, governing bodies, management and statutory bodies. The accountant has to carry out money related examinations, get ready reports, undertake reviews and advise on various financial issues, for example, the buying and selling of the businesses, mergers, funding for capital assets, insolvency, so- called deceptions, tax concerns etc. He is the one who has to look at working expenses and firms incomes and expenditures. He has to give the confirmation regarding the precision of data contained in budgetary reports and their consistence with statutory necessities. He is responsible for the making of tax returns for people and businesses and also giving the taxation suggestions. He can look into the finances of the business and provide with the appropriate suggestions. He has to liaise with the financial agencies and brokers so that the business can get the needed funds. So the role of a management accountant is a crucial one in the contemporary firms ("ANZSCO 221112: Management Accountant - Australia Skilled visa - Work in Australia", 2017). References 1220.0 - ANZSCO - Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, First Edition, Revision 1. (2017). Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Product+Lookup/1220.0~First+Edition,+Revision+1~Chapter~UNIT+GROUP+2211+Accountants ANZSCO 221112: Management Accountant - Australia Skilled visa - Work in Australia. (2017). Anzscosearch. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.anzscosearch.com/221112 Groen, B., Wouters, M., Wilderom, C. (2016). Employee participation, performance metrics, and job performance: A survey study based on self-determination theory. Management Accounting Research. Miller, D. (2010): The Generic Strategy Trap. Journal of Business Strategy, Vol.13, Issue 1, pp.37-41

How to Use Scholarship Request Essay Sample to Help You Get Financial Aid

How to Use Scholarship Request Essay Sample to Help You Get Financial AidIf you are in need of financial aid to help you pay for school, it would be useful to check a scholarship request essay sample. A scholarship is something that is not a loan. These types of financial aids are given to those students who prove that they have exceptional skills and talents.The curriculum in most schools includes courses for kindergarten, first grade, and second and third year olds. Your child might benefit from a scholarship. It will give them the financial aid they need to attend school and they may also be able to find employment when they get out of school.You can search online for colleges and universities that offer scholarships for students who do not attend traditional colleges. Many of these schools will have an application for essay and a scholarship request essay sample that will allow you to apply to their scholarship programs. If you know that you have exceptional skills, this could be a great way to get into school.It is important to make sure that you are honest with your scholarship application. Students can receive awards for essay submissions that contain bad grammar or spelling mistakes. They could miss deadlines or be late to class because of personal reasons, such as a family emergency.As your circumstances change, so should your essay. You should research your course work and areas of interest in order to create a different essay and highlight the things that you have in common with other applicants. This way, you can be confident that you will be considered for a scholarship.You should know that applying for a college scholarship does not have to be difficult. You should be prepared to write an impressive essay that will allow you to win the scholarship award. Many colleges accept online essays, which allows you to submit your essay quickly and easily.There are many ways to get a college scholarship. Many people decide to apply to several colleges befor e they decide on which one to attend. Some might offer partial scholarships, while others may offer full tuition grants.When looking for essay samples, you will find that there are many places where you can find these types of essays. Most are designed for individuals who are interested in applying for scholarships, but there are many other programs available. Be sure to apply to all of the programs that you qualify for.

Arizona vs Grant Essays

Arizona vs Grant Essays Arizona vs Grant Paper Arizona vs Grant Paper Arizona v. Grant Arizona v. Grant The U. S. Supreme Court limits how police searches a vehicle after Arizona v. Grant. April 21, 2009 the U. S. Supreme Court adds new limits on how law enforcement officer can search the passenger compartments of a vehicle. Due to this ruling, police officers require having either evidence of a crime for which the suspect is being arrested for, or the officers are completing a weapons check that could be within reach of the suspect. Arizona v. Grant makes important changes within the Fourth Amendment. After New York v. Belton, the U. S. Supreme Court had allowed officers to search the passenger compartment of any vehicle when the person was being arrested that was driving or was a passenger in without a warrant. Belton’s justification was the fact that a person can constitutionally be search for weapons and any other evidence, and further that any officer can search the immediate area of control for weapons or any other evidence. Since the new ruling with Arizona v. Grant overturns the ruling of New York v. Belton, and sets a new standard for what is allowed during a search in a car related arrested. New Ruling The new ruling in Arizona v. grant adds modifications to the Fourth Amendment in regards to police searches. The changes state, â€Å"Police may search the passenger compartment of a vehicle incident to recent occupant’s arrest only if it is reasonable to believe that the arrestee might access the vehicle at the time of the search or that the vehicle contains evidence of the offense of arrest† (Arizona v. Grant 07-542. ) The U. S. Supreme Court ruled against the fact that officers can justify search a vehicle in traffic violations or any situation where no other evidence of crime had occurred. Example of those would be: failure to appear, driving without a license, failing to pay child support. Arizona v. Grant allows checking for weapons within reach of the suspect, or anywhere reasonable within reach of the suspect. The main changes within Arizona v. Grant is police officer are no longer allowed to pull an individual over for a traffic violation, have the driver exit the vehicle, place them in hand cuff to be able to fully search a vehicle, which was commonly practiced by law enforcement agencies. Surveillance by Police The Fourth Amendment protects U. S. citizens’ rights under the U. S. Constitution â€Å"to be secure in their persons, house, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures. † The U. S. Supreme Court looks at surveillance as a form of search and seizure and should require a person’s consent or a have warrant. However, the US Patriot Act, which was signed by Present George Bush in 2001 which states that The â€Å"Patriot Act,† allows law enforcement alone approve searches without oversight by the courts in, performed for national security matters. In regards to Arizona v. Grant that if the traffic stop was at any thought was a national security threat that the vehicle could be searched without a judicial warrant under the Patriot Act. Surveillance by School Officials At one time people did not have to worry about the children while attending school, however with statists stating that 100,000 students a day bring guns to school and 160,000 students skip class a day because of fear or being harmed (Davis. ) Surveillance has been a key part of keeping students staff while attending school. In Commonwealth v. Cass, 709 A. 2d 350, 357 (Pa. 1998), the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania recently listed several reasons that justified the school officials ‘heightened concern’ as to drug activity in the school. These factors include: * Information received from unnamed students; * Observations from teachers of suspicious activity by the students, such as passing small packages amongst themselves in the hallways; * increased use of the student assistance program for counseling students with drug problems; * Calls from concerned parents; Observation of a growing number of students carrying pagers; * Students in possession of large amounts of money; and, * Increased use of pay phones by students. † The conditions might be a little inexplicit, however under any suspicion can lead to weapons and or controlled substance being retrieved. A random locker search should only happen under the circumstance that places the students at amendment risk. Which regard to surveill ance with security cameras, law states that surveillance cameras cannot be placed were it invades person privacy, such as restrooms, or locker rooms. Surveillance by Security Personal After 911, there have been many changes in the Fourth Amendment in regards to the Patriot Act as it allows law enforcement alone approve searches without oversight by the courts in, performed for national security matters. TSA has played an important role in private security in keeping passengers safe while flying, however due the new body scanners, people question if it violates their Fourth Amendment right. TSA is backed by the 9th Circuit Court of the United States, as it ruled in 1973 to search passengers in airports. This ruling suspends limited aspects of the Fourth Amendment while undergoing airport security screening. On the U. S. V. Davis (482 F. 2d 893,908) has a key piece of the wording which gives TSA the searching powers it states, â€Å"â€Å"noting that airport screenings are considered to be administrative searches because they are conducted as part of a general regulatory scheme, where the essential administrative purpose is to prevent the carrying of weapons or explosives aboard aircraft. (482 F. 2d 893,908)† In regard to Arizona V. Grant police have to have probable cause to search, however airport security does not have to follow those rules under U. S v. Davis ruling. Conclusion April 21, 2009, changed the way police officers completed their search of a vehicle and the passenger compartment. After Arizona v. Grant, law enforcement must have probable cause that a crime has occurred or officers are completing a weapon sweep, that only the suspect could have reasonable reach too. When 911 occurred security in the United States changed. The Patriot Act was adopted and it allowed law enforcement alone approve searches without oversight by the courts in, performed for national security matters. U. S v. Davis gave TSA their searching powers, without violating peoples Fourth Amendment rights. Until the U. S. Supreme Court changes the Fourth Amendment, after Arizona v. Grant law enforcement have to probable cause to search a vehicle. References Commonwealth v. Cass, 709 A. 2d 350, 357 (Pa. 1998) Kathy Davis, John Kelsey, Dia Langellier, Misty Mapes, and Jeff Rosendahl Surveillance in Schools: Safety vs. Personal Privacy Locker Searches students. ed. uiuc. edu/jkelsey/surveillance/locker. htm justice. gov/archive/ll/highlights. htm U. S. V. Davis 482 F. 2d 893,908

Nonplussed

Nonplussed Nonplussed Nonplussed By Maeve Maddox The Latin phrase non plus, â€Å"not more, no further,† entered English as a noun with the following meaning: A state in which no more can be said or done; inability to proceed in speech or action; a state of perplexity or puzzlement; a standstill. As a verb, to nonplus means, â€Å"to bring to a nonplus or standstill; to perplex, confound.† In modern speech, the verb is most commonly seen in the participle form nonplussed. Until about the 1960s, nonplussed was used with only one meaning: Brought to a nonplus or standstill; at a nonplus; perplexed, confounded. Since the 1960s, nonplussed has taken on another meaning for some English speakers: Not disconcerted; unperturbed, unfazed. The OED mentions this second meaning in its entry for nonplussed, labeling it â€Å"chiefly American.† The recognized authority for American usage, however, does not list this second meaning of nonplussed. It doesn’t even have an entry for nonplussed. The verb nonplus is defined this way: â€Å"to cause to be at a loss as to what to say, think, or do; reduce to a state of total incapacity to act or decide.† Merriam-Webster gives three examples: this turn of events nonplusses me nonplussed by the disclosure for a moment the girl was nonplussed The reversal of meaning from perturbed to unperturbed has arisen from the mistaken idea that the non- in nonplussed is a prefix, like the non- in nontoxic. Some speakers seem to think that nonplussed is formed by adding non- to the hypothetical root plussed. US speakers do use nonplussed with the original meaning: May 16, 2015   When invited to come here I was flattered, but  a bit nonplussed.- Charles Gibson, US journalist, 2015. Many consumers nonplussed, confused with latest tech, survey finds- Automotive News, (published in Michigan), 2015. However, most of the recent examples of nonplussed that I have found in US sources use it in the sense of unfazed, unimpressed, or unmoved. For example: Uber Driver Nonplussed After Giving Jeb Bush Ride in San Francisco- NBC News. (According to the article, the driver was unimpressed.) â€Å"I’m in first place by a lot, it seems, according to all the polls,† Trump says, in his New York accent, with his usual facial expression: a sort of perpetually nonplussed duckface, like he is continually being impressed with himself anew.- Atlantic Monthly, 2015. Nonplussed, Colbert has kept up his usual antics.- CBS News, 2015. Unlike self-antonyms like dust and sanction, whose meanings are usually clear from context, nonplussed is a source of ambiguity. The phrases â€Å"dusting the furniture† and â€Å"dusting the crops† require no additional qualification; the different meanings are immediately apparent. A statement like â€Å"the defendant was nonplussed,† however, means one thing to one English speaker and the opposite to another. Take, for example, this statement in the clinical study of a disturbed teenager: He appeared nonplussed when  the issue of the family cat was raised.- Francis D. Kelly, The Assessment of Object Relations Phenomena in Adolescents, Routledge, 2014. The boy was in treatment because, among other disturbing behavior, he had killed the family cat. When I read the sentence, I understood it to mean that the mention of the cat caused the boy to exhibit signs of confusion. On second thought, I realized that the author may have intended nonplussed to mean unmoved. Authors of serious works cannot afford to use nonplussed without providing context clues to indicate which meaning is intended. The following examples provide such clues: In an interview  with the CBS news magazine â€Å"60 Minutes,† Steve Schmidt described Palin as â€Å"very calm - nonplussed† after McCain met with her at his Arizona ranch just before putting her on the Republican ticket.  (nonplussed=unperturbed) Vance  appeared nonplussed  and genuinely surprised that such large political questions had been raised by the memorandum. (nonplussed=agitated) ODonnell appeared to be nonplussed by the wording of the first amendment, repeatedly returning to the subject and sounding incredulous after her Democratic opponent Chris Coons attempted to explain it to her. (nonplussed=confused) Because nonplussed no longer conveys the same meaning to all readers, writers must be thoughtful in its use. Accompanying the word with context clues is one option. Choosing a different word entirely is another. Some options for the meaning originally conveyed by nonplussed: perplexed, confounded, disconcerted, upset, agitated. Some options for the reversed meaning of nonplussed: not disconcerted, unperturbed, unfazed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'tsFive Spelling Rules for "Silent Final E"How Do You Pronounce "Often"?

Benefit Plan Design Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Benefit Plan Design Analysis - Essay Example However, it has been identified that despite several competitive employee benefit programs, American Airlines Incorporation has certain lacuna in its benefit plan. The issue associated in the benefit plan is that the company does not allow its employees to travel free of cost until and unless they have completed a period of ten years with the American Airline Association. The company also seems to be lacking in providing the other benefit plans in comparison to its competitors such as SouthWest Airways, Delta (AACareers, 2010). There are many cases filed against the company’s benefit plan such as ‘Robert T.Miller Appellant V. American Airlines, Inc,; American Airlines, Inc., Pilot Retirement Benefit Program Fixed Income Plan (A Plan); American Airlines, Inc Pension Benefits Administration Committee under case number 10-1784 on 1/25/2011’ (Third Judicial Circuit, 2011). The other case filed against the company has been ‘George W. BONIN, Plaintiff-Appellant, v . AMERICAN AIRLINES, INC. and the American Airlines, Inc. ... Part Three: Literature Review Role of Benefit Plan in an Organization The reliability and the accuracy of the benefit program depend upon the two factors. The first factor relies upon the fact that the benefit program needs to be capable of identifying the needs of the employees during the upliftment of the organizational objectives. The soundness of the benefit program also stems from the fact that the program is capable of effective management of such kind of programs (Bohlander & Snell, 2009). It can be worthy of mentioning that the biggest issue for the HR managers is to attract as well as retain the excellent talents in the organization. Therefore, it becomes important for the companies to implement numerous strategies along with the techniques so that they can cope up with this kind of human resource related issues. It is identified that the high performance organizations tend to surpass in relation to their competitors by implementing numerous human resource related strategies that include openness among the members, opportunity to learn and provide training to the employees. When a company tends to realize the fact that it is the human resource’s effective management that determines the competitiveness of the firm, the companies develop the above mentioned strategies (Hiltrop, 1999). In a next few decades most of the workforces in the organizations will be women and this tends to have an impact on the corporate employers. There will be two kinds of workforce, one of them will be career-primary and the other might be career and family. If the organization wants to retain their best talents in the organization they are supposed to identify the importance of both kinds of women and thus provide them a flexible working

Police use of force Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Police use of force - Essay Example Justification of the level of force used is dependant on the situation at hand and the interaction with the citizenry. From a philosophical standpoint it could be argued that as regular citizens we have a social contract with the police and our legal system insofar as we have designated that in exchange for a certain level of sovereignty to these authority figures in exchange for maintaining social order and the rule of law. From this perspective we could postulate that a use of force could be designed on a sliding scale from a stern warning from a police office for minor violations on the one side of the spectrum, right through to the use of deadly force for the most sever violations. However that is not to say that police do not act in a manner that goes outside of the boundaries of what is considered sensible in circumstances and to say that there are different viewpoints as to what would be considered adequate. Obviously from one perspective, a person who is being subjected to a degree of force from a police officer is probably going to believe that the use of force that he or she is being subje cted to is excessive whereas a non partisan observer might have a completely different objective. As it stands a number of specific mandates are given to police officers at different levels as to what level of force is appropriate in what circumstances. For example it may be the case that the moment a weapon becomes visible the police then have authorization to automatically use less than lethal weapons (Tazers, pepper spray, batons etc.). From a legal perspective according to US Legal definition (2010) police brutality represents a violation of civil rights when an officer acts with more force than what is required, yet there is no precise definition. In the American context, as a generality, force should only be used to