Explain Arisotles Virtue Ethics

Dominance is a state of action as opposed to inaction and an individual must work hard in order to achieve it. To reach Dominance you must reason and be a thinker as this is unique to humans, it is the final cause for humanity as it is the most fulfilling position to be in. Reaching such a superior end goal requires hard work and effort: â€Å"man is a political and social animal† – the greatest good for a person is for them to actively participate in the politics of society and to interact with other humans, morality can only arise once these activities have been performed.A riotous life is an ongoing task and can only be achieved through practice and education. â€Å"Dominance is an end in itself' and is merely pursued for its own virtues rather than as a means to an end. A virtue, for Aristotle, is a trait that contributes to a person functioning well as a human being such as bravery and generosity. A virtue is not doing one action on one given occasion such as givi ng to charity once and then never again, it is not ‘feeling virtuous as you are not brave if you feel brave and do not act upon it and it is also not a natural inclination as someone who has been born that way has not worked to become virtuous.Aristotle concludes that a virtue is a learned nature/tendency to reason and act in a certain way. We are each responsible for the choices that we make based on personal vice and virtue, how virtuous a person may be is entirely dependent on how they will intend to act in any given situation. The doctrine of the mean/the golden mean is a central concept in Aristotle virtue ethics. According to the doctrine of the mean, a virtue is a mean state between two extremes: one of excess and one of deficiency.To be virtuous, one virtue must connect with another. Virtues will only fully develop in a minority of people and the doctrine of the mean can be used to guide you; however you must be educated to use this. And so, an element of elitism can b e seen here. For example: it is good to be courageous, however you can have too much or, even, too little courage. Aristotle did not explicitly declare what the midpoint was, and so it is clearly not of numerical value and so it must be more about acting at the right time.Although virtue ethics does not give you a clear answer to an ethical dilemma, it allows each individual to respond to each different situation they face. Aristotle believed that there were 4 different groups of people. There are vicious people who are those that do not attempt to be virtuous. There are incontinent people who face moral conflict but usually choose a vice. Continent people do the virtuous thing most of the time but still have to overcome a moral dilemma, and virtuous people enjoy doing good actions, and so they face no moral dilemmas in life.Choices are important as every human has an aim in life. Such aims are then split into either superior or subordinate aims and, according to Aristotle; the supe rior aim of an individual is Dominance as this is the final purpose of a human. In society, some people re hedonists and seek pleasure, some serve the community and seek honor (politicians) and some are philosophers and live in a state of contemplation. Aristotle believes philosophers to be the best as they possess the ability to exercise key intellectual virtues which allow them to steer themselves towards Dominance.Virtues are either moral or intellectual in which there are 5 intellectual virtues according to Aristotle: prudence/practical wisdom, intuitive intelligence, wisdom, scientific knowledge and craft/art. Of the 5 virtues, Aristotle considers practical wisdom to be the most important in Virtue Ethics as it imply describes moral behavior, and does not require people to do something different to what they already do.You may do a string of good actions, but unless you know the direction you are to go then you may end up on the wrong path. Since people act differently in every situation there are no inherently bad actions. Anyone who is virtuous should, theoretically, always make the correct decision. Aristotle Virtue Ethics is person rather than action based; it looks at the moral character of the person carrying out an action. Good character traits must be cultivated and developed in order for people to truly achieve Dominance.

Problems of Conducting Research Into the Causes of Stress Essay

One job when carry oning research into the causes of emphasis is the generalization of the sample. if the sample is restricted ; this has restrictions in footings of generalizing the consequences to the entire population. In the survey by Johansson. a sample of merely 24 workers was used and from a specific occupation type. This sample is unthinking of all occupation types and is excessively little to be applicable to the general population. Decisions made may merely be relevant to this sample. However it could be argued that the factors that cause emphasis in occupations such as deadlines and the dependance of others on you are common in all types of occupations and hence utilizing a sample of the specific occupation type becomes less restricted and applicable to other people in occupations with common stressors. A 2nd job when carry oning research into causes of emphasis is the cogency of measurings. Cogency refers to whether the consequences measure what they are supposed to mensurate and this is frequently affected by the research method. The self study method is frequently questioned in footings of cogency as participants have the ability to give socially desirable replies and maneuver off from the truth. In the survey by Kanner. questionnaires were posted out to participants and a Hassles and uplifts graduated table was asked to be completed every month for 9 months and the Berkman life events graduated table after 10 months. This survey. due to the usage of self study deficiencies in cogency. as researches are diffident as to whether informations obtained reflects the true sentiments of participants. which is an issue when seeking to use to mundane life. However the self study method is utile. despite it missing in cogency. It gives participants the freedom to compose about their ain subjective feelings and due to emphasize being separately perceived otherwise. it is utile in orienting intervention to persons to run into their demands. A 3rd job is reductionism. surveies frequently cut down many factors that cause an single emphasis to one factor. such as in the instance of Johansson survey. it was concluded work was the beginning of emphasis. However single factors such as personality could play a function. research workers do non cognize that emphasis prone persons are more likely to be in a high hazard occupation. By neglecting to take into history other factors. resources and clip may be used in the incorrect country. However reductionism is utile as it does nail an country that causes emphasis and allows in-depth research to be carried out to assist participants.

The things they carried Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The things they carried - Assignment Example The province was marked with guerilla wars leading to death of several soldiers (OBrien 123). The view about death is vital because it is the focus of the story. The understanding of death is influenced and affected by the situation surrounding the person. As soldiers, walking across the murky sewage plain, the loss of Kiowa brings a new change. The death of Kiowa has been taken and viewed differently according to Obrien. Jimmy cross is the group leader tasked with leading the group. However, after the death of Kiowa, Cross thinks that he led the team wrongly. Even though, the order is from above, he argues that the failure to address the safety of the group and issues of movement affected the reasoning and the initial belief of the job. Cross argues that he did not choose to lead the group. The wrong choice of camping on the dangerous riverside is regretted by the leader (OBrien 78). The valley represents an area of opinion presentation and analysis. Bowker speaks of courage as he reviews the death of Kiowa. The situation is revisited by the characters, which is the main focus of the story. The experience of the Cross was improved with the death of Kiowa. The title of the story is based on the obsession of the things he soldiers carried. Cross focused on the wife photo instead of the current situation which includes the death of Kiowa. The task at hand in such case was forgotten until the dawn of reality through death. Inexperience is the major contributor of fear and poor decision making. Cross handles the guilt is an absurd and funny way by accepting the blame in the case of poor judgment. However, the questioning of the role of superiors in offering guidance is evident. The experience and events in the swamp after the location of the body of Kiowa depicts change in perception. The letter to Kiowa’s father is drafted in the mind of Cross because of the fear and guilt (OBrien 89). Cross takes responsibility on the

The Contrasting Elements of the Two Companys Management Styles - Acme Assignment

The Contrasting Elements of the Two Companys Management Styles - Acme and Omega - Assignment Example Omega discourages barriers between managers and employees, as well as company memos, as it’s believed the barriers create artificial distances between individuals that should be collaborating.  Ã‚   2. When considering the contrasting elements of the two company’s management styles in regards to the ways they coordinated the production of the memory unit prototypes there are a number of notable factors. It seems that Acme highly structured production process created an atmosphere where divergent departments could be willfully disregarded for the purpose of the speed of production. At Acme, this occurred as the process department was bypassed to increase speed. Although this ultimately resulted in increased product deficiency, it nonetheless functioned as a means of allowing the company to maintain its deadline. At Omega the organic management process was better suited to determining the production process and delivering a quality product on time, as the process department wasn’t so easily disregarded. 3. While in the short-term Omega’s manufacturing process was more efficient and better prepared for the task than Acme’s, one can imagine how in a long-term process Acme’s management structure could outpace Omega’s. With a more highly-structured management, the individual departments can be micromanaged more efficiently for production. When a single department is behind on the production schedule, the company president is then capable of applying pressure to this department, and the other departments are still capable of advancing without the hindrances of this single entity. Omega’s organic structure makes this more difficult since the two departments are seamlessly intertwined, so that multi-tasking is complicated. 4. I would recommend that Omega capitalizes on its organic structure through the creative aspects that it could potentially create. As Acme’s structure is more highly structured it disturbs the flow of creative idea production. One can imagine an organic structure working well in a company such as Apple, Inc. where unique ideas are central to the company’s existence.  Ã‚  

Navajo Weaving Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Navajo Weaving Art - Essay Example The Insect People flew up into the second world, guided through a hole in the sky by a cliff swallow. The second world was a barren world inhabited by Swallow People. They decided to stay anyway, but after 24 days, one of the Insect People made love to the wife of the Swallow People's chief. They were expelled to the third world; the white face of the wind told them of an opening. The third world was a barren world of Grasshopper People. Again, the Insect People were expelled for philandering after 24 days. The red face of the wind guided them to the hole to the fourth world. This world was inhabited by animals and Pueblos, with whom the Insect People coexisted peacefully. The gods made people in human form from ears of corn, different colors of corn becoming different tribes. The Insect People intermarried with them, and their descendants eventually looked fully human. In time, the men and women argued and decided to live apart. But both groups engaged in unnatural sex acts, and eve ntually the women were starving, so they got back together. The gods were displeased by their sins, though, and sent a wall of water upon them. The people noticed animals running and sent cicadas to investigate. They escaped the floodwaters by climbing into a fast-growing reed. Cicada dug an entrance into the fifth world, which was inhabited by grebes. The grebes said that people could have that world if they could survive plunging arrows into their heart. The cicadas met this challenge (they bear the scars on their sides still), and people live in the fifth world today. (Terzoulin) The Holy People marked their territories through the found mountains the put four sacred mountains in four different directions: Mt. Hesperus in the north, Mt. Blanca in the east, Mt. Taylor in the south, San Francisco Peaks in the west, which through their interaction with the Navajo people, shared with them the means and ways of doing everday activities in life, "in harmony" with Mother Earth. "The Dineh believe there are two classes of beings: the Earth People and the Holy People. The earth People are ordinary mortals, while the Holy People are spiritual beings that cannot be seen. Holy People are believed to aid or harm Earth People." (Explore the Navajo Nation) On the contrary, the temporal side, which is supported by several anthropologists, historians and artists proposes that the weaving was a skill acquired by the Navajo Didine (people) from their interraction with the Pueblo weavers during the mid-17th century. (Bernstein) Economic situations during the Navajo's transfer to Bosque Redondo at Fort Summer after Colonel Kit Carson induced an adoption of General Sherman of the US' "scorched death", which was then later called "The Navajo Threat", and their exposure to trade and tourists while having problems in earning salaries all contributed to the eventual change in their weaving culture and style. (Anderson) When the Navajo got rugged under the US, they experienced sudden

Choose one of the subjects Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Choose one of the subjects - Term Paper Example Legalization processes involve giving prescriptions of legalized drugs, providing licenses to legal drug dealers, such as hospitals, enforcing laws on any sale of drug to a minor, and advertising the rules and regulations that go hand in hand with drug legalization among others. This provides general awareness to the whole population. Drugs are legalized to avoid causing negative externalities on others, to reduce public spending on health, and to avoid upsetting people who are not in contact with the drugs. Through legalization, contagious drugs and premature deaths are avoided. Prolonged periods of drug use results in addiction. As a result, the drug addicts become violent and commit crimes to generate money to buy drugs. Jensen (2) asserts that most drug addicts were criminals even before they started using these drugs. These criminal acts involve stealing, killing and even kidnapping others to raise funds to buy the drugs. Through these acts, the users and non-users are affected. The prices of these drugs are determined by unregulated market, which is led by demand. This leads to high prices of drugs resulting in massive crime acts. To reduce these acts in the economy, the government imposes rules and regulations on drug users who are found to be committing crime and violating the public. The market prices are regulated by lowering the prices, which translates to reduced prices. For example, cigarette smokers will not steal from the public to buy cigarettes and thus crime rates will be reduced. Air pollution caused through smoking cigarettes and bhang will also be reduced. Wilkins and Scrimgeour (334) argue that the illicit market produces low quality drugs, which lead to a rise in the number of violent criminals. The street crimes then rise so as to finance these drugs. Tax imposition on these drugs maximizes the social products and the quantity of the drugs that are being produced. The pigouvian tax framework

Systems management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Systems management - Essay Example It shows how information technology can help educational institutions develop strategies to survive and grow in this modern world. Second section of this report covers specific discussion on the role of IT in the education sector. It offers suggestions and recommendations to improve the education and training sector. In this scenario, it suggests how an information system (web based platform) can help education institutions offer facilities and services to the students and teaching staff. Education and training is one of the most important concerns of today’s world. After the emergence of web, this area has comprehensively evolved and attained a greater performance. In addition, by making use of new and advanced learning tools and web based information systems institutions are presently gaining a lot of benefits. This section will outline some important aspects of information requirements and management decision-making at different levels within the education and training industry. According to Psarras (2006), the society is going towards the new era where the future fundamentally will be determined through peoples capability to intelligently utilize information, a valuable global resource that is the personification of human intellectual technology and capital. The new information-based business and economy offers a great deal worth on the distribution of information and knowledge, and its creation. In this new economy, companies and individuals are required to pay attention on enhancing and maintaining their information capital in order to remain competitive, since their capability to adapt learn and change became a core competency for survival. It is apparent that in this new information-based financial system need for training and education will increase. In case of effective establishment of economic system, new economy offers the transformation in companies

ICT Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ICT Knowledge Management - Essay Example Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has introduced such technologies which really help managers and employees in the management of relevant knowledge. Companies cannot install ICT technologies properly on their own. Therefore, they hire ICT specialists for the installation of any specific ICT technology. Smith (2011) states, â€Å"An information and communications technology (ICT) specialist designs, maintains, and services systems used to store, retrieve, and send data†. Let us now discuss the role which ICT can play in knowledge management. In the report, we will consider one of the most effective ICT technologies which helps companies determine what information should be collected and converted into knowledge. The ICT technology, which will be discussed in the paper, will be Management and Information System (MIS). We will also discuss the role of ICT in different industries. 2. Role of the ICT Technology ICT plays a considerable role in knowledge management. Man agement Information System is an example of ICT which helps employees in the management of information that is required to run different business activities. Martin (2010) asserts, â€Å"Management Information Systems, which are often abbreviated to MIS are a subdivision of internal business controls that usually refer to documents, IT, people and procedures†. ... illon (2010) states, â€Å"The chief principle of management information system is to make sure that the flow of correct information is facilitated to the right people or parties in an organization†. The key tasks of an efficient Management Information System include management of business related information, documentation of the collected information, and assisting the management in processing the information. â€Å"The processing of data into information and communicating the resulting information to the user are the very essence of an MIS† (Lucey 2005, p. 4). Management Information System presents the data to the concerned department in the form of a well-documented report consisting of those activities that are needed to be executed by the management of any specific department. The main purpose of using ICT technologies in an organization is to develop and manage such tools which help managers, decision makers, and other employees of an organization in the processi ng of information related to different sets of tasks and business operations. ICT is considered an integral part of any organization because it controls all activities regarding businesses of any organization by providing the right information to the right person at right place and at the right time. ICT not only helps companies collect relevant information, rather it is also used to process, analyze, and disseminate the collected information in order to carry out key business processes of an organization. Abel (2008) found that MIS deals with the planning, management, and use of effective information technology tools to help people manage relevant knowledge. Without the use of effective Management Information System, the employees can never properly access or use the information that is required to run

Chemistry of antiscalants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chemistry of antiscalants - Essay Example Conversely, Phosphonates, polyphosphates and polycarboxylates react with minimal quantities (Singh et. al., 2008). Threshold inhibitors are the name that refers to the chemical agents that inhibit scale and work at quantities below the stoichiometric level. These inhibitors foil the whole process of precipitation. Various mechanisms take place when interfering with the process of precipitation. The first manner is the modifying of the crystals into shapes that make it impossible for attachment with other crystals. Secondly, the inhibitors attack the forces that bind the particles into precipitation to break the bond necessary for the precipitation. The third mechanism is through impeding the growth of the particles to bring a non-precipitation zone. Despite the effectiveness of the antiscalants, other indispensable factors determine the whole process. These factors comprise of presence of other ions in the solution, the temperature, the PH and the ratio of super saturation. Moreover, the heaviness of a polymer matters a lot when the antiscalant is polymer (Singh et. al., 2008). CACO3 crystallization is a process that is intricate and requires great understanding to know the reaction that takes place with the antiscalant. The various mechanisms with which the antiscalant inhibits the precipitation are under one method of â€Å"charges attraction†. The antiscalant is always negatively charged and it gets attracted to the area with the crystals, which is positively charged. The definition of threshold inhibition is assumed from this description. Threshold inhibition thus refers to the fusing of the particles of the inhibitor to the crystal-filled arena that is rich with ions. The surface of the crystallization zone tends to be loose and hence creates a space for absorption of the inhibitor’s particles. Once the inhibitors have penetrated to the inside of the crystals, the formation of crystals is in interference. It delays the beginning of crystalliz ation since the walls that would bind the crystals are filled with the inhibitors particles. The first crystals cannot be detected since the inhibitors particles impose a derailment between the period of super saturation state and crystallization (Singh et. al., 2008). Consequently, the crystals form but the inhibitors attack to tamper the growth sites. It thus obstructs the normal reaction that would have to happen. The inhibitors modify and alter the growth of the crystals. Results from the modification of the crystals, is retarded crystals that do not have the strength to stick on metal materials. These crystals are then electrostatic charged and thus posses repulsion with particles with the same side charges. It makes the crystals not to converge and clot (Singh et. al., 2008). There is a common fact that phosphonates are better threshold inhibitors than polycarboxylates. Contrarily, polycarboxylates are better dispersants than phosphonates. Both chemical agents show their react ion when in a solution in inhibiting scale threshold. In a condition where the level of super saturation is low, the phosphonates can be the ultimate solution. Conversely, where the level of super saturation is high, polycarboxylates can salvage the reaction (Singh et. al., 2008). Polycarboxylates have properties that can help in dispersing of particles that are useful in a condition of high super saturation. It is a

Bottlenecks That Face Riordan Manufacturing Essay Example for Free

Bottlenecks That Face Riordan Manufacturing Essay China plant operates as a decentralized unit of Riordan Manufacturing. Parts are purchased by buyers in the China Plant’s purchasing department from a local Chinese company. While this company attempts to maintain adequate quantities of electric motors in stock to meet all its order requirements, its on-time deliveries over the past year have averaged only 93%. Part of the China’s plant’s business is a make-to-stock operation in which the future demand for fans is forecasted based on taking the average of sales for the last three years and extrapolating it into the next year. Pontiac facility has to maintain sufficient stocks of a wide variety of raw materials in order to quickly respond to customer requests for new custom plastic parts. Riordan Manufacturing uses the Huffman Trucking Company to ship all of its products in the United States. Rates for shipping a full truckload of cargo to a single destination are lower than shipping partial loads. Higher rates for less-than full shipments. Improvement Ideas that may work for Riordan Manufacturing: The China plant is a decentralized unit of Riordan Manufacturing, which I would think would not be the best idea for Riordan. All facilities need to have communication with Riordan’s headquarters. China needs to have its own process for running Riordan’s China Location, but have to maintain contact, and obtain approval from Riordan Headquarters, before major projects are started. The China plant purchases parts from a one local manufacturer, and plastic from one local manufacturer. The China plant needs to find other plants that will also produce and ship parts to them, because the China plant cannot rely only on one organization for parts, and one organization for plastic products. What would happen if the organizations could not get Riordan China its parts? Riordan China would have to halt production, and then put manufacturing behind. The China plant forecasting method may need to be reviewed for accuracy, If the organization has a couple of bad years it may lead the plant to under forecast consumer demand. Need to look at economy and consumer history too. The Pontiac Facility needs to find alternatives to carrying large sums of stock. Need to work with vendors on Just-In-Time inventory. This will help to lower costs, and help free up inventory space. Maybe the Pontiac Facility can keep a minimal amount of  stock on items that are used more frequently in production. Riordan needs to look at other trucking companies that are willing to take partial shipments, so Riordan does not have to wait for full shipments. Riordan needs to look at small freight companies, or even large freight companies like FedEx and UPS who are inclined to taking partial freight loads, and can guarantee arrival dates.

Consumer Purchase Intention Analysis

Consumer Purchase Intention Analysis This management report is abased critique of an article which is known as consumer purchase intention for organic personal care product. The shows that the overall summary of this management report which is based on the environmental awareness towards the Impact on US consumers activities actually there is huge no selling of this organic personal care product which is extensively focusing to the marketing strategy but lacking care in customer behaviour. To avoid lacking customer behaviour author has based his research on TPB which also known as theory of plan behaviour. And also the entire report based on research of US consumer buying behaviour, attitude, values, norms and intention of purchasing past experience overall data analysis and so on. Here in this management report I have put few my effort to critique this article. Introduction: Consumer purchase intention for organic personal care products is an article written by Hee Yeon Kim and fae-Eun chung. Both authors are from department of consumer science, from the Ohio State University from Columbus, Ohio, USA. Authors has raised the awareness of environmental protection which is also known as green consumerism. (Moisander, 2007) The article is based on growing huge amount of US consumers activities that has been impacted by the variety of green products which has gained high popularity in a US market (organic trade association, 2006). And problem with highly growing organic personal care industry is that they are focusing on marketing strategy instead of having consumer behaviour and it is says that organic product industry will sink sooner if this industry will not understand focus on consumer behaviour. And this article is mainly based on organic personal care products which are covered outside of the US market. And authors says that the purpose of this article is to research by using theory of planned behaviour in order to investigate the customer behaviour and values, norms and to know the previous experience of consumer purpose while buying organic personal care products. With a response group of 207 online members and with many ignorance was used for study the relationship in the variables. And through this result it was found that awareness of environment were positively manipulate with this industry and it was also founded that the relationship between previous experience of having buying purpose consumer and behavioural control was surrendered pretty good on the TBP model. It says that with this research retailer can have a great marketing strategy by advertising its product is safe and gives beautiful look and can offer consumer the affordable prices in order to develop the buying purpose of customer through organic personal care product. And these researches give US consumer approaches analysis towards the intention of buying purposes of consumer queries through organic personal care product which had manipulate consumers attitude. This article of research has been elaborated to TBP by investigating the relationship between previous experience of having buying purpose consumer and behavioural control. (Kim,H ;chung,f, 2012) Conformance with principal of scientific investigation: Purposiveness: Here Michael K. Green (1998, p.165) states that the purposiveness of company consist in conceiving of a goal and plan of action for realizing it, and then carrying this plan into action. Here in article the researcher has used theory of planned behaviour in order to analysis the consumer buying behaviour through organic personal care product which will also help in achieving the intention of consumer buying behaviour past experience and consumer attitude towards the company and consumer values and norms. In this article the researcher has choose such types objectives in order to achieve their goals therefore it can be said that it is purposiveness. Rigor: Mentzer, John T (2008, p.72-77) states that rigor is the constant examination of whether research can actually support and justify the claims it makes. And it uses appropriate theories and methods which will regret the final part of something that research did not exposed. This means in this article the researcher has used theory of plan behaviour (TPB) analysis to research customer buying behaviour, past experience values and norms and then over all online participation was recruited in which 207 team members were participated which has helped to evaluate for the multiple regression relationship among the variables and then consumers attitude towards buying organic personal care product which has positive influence overall consumer buying shows that the research hence research is rigor. Testability: According to Binder, Robert V (1994, p.15) the testability terrain for object -oriented development is mapped in order to find shorter and cheaper paths to high reliability. He says that includes 6 factors which are representation, implementation, built-in test, the test suite, test support environment and process capability. This mean the researchers has developed hypothesis testing sample in order to perform the examination of relationship between consumer attitude and consumer values towards buying behaviour through organic shampoo and body lotion. Therefore the research can be said testability. Replicability: Clive Seale (2012) states that replicability is the extinct to which a re-study is made by feasible by the provision of sufficient information about research procedure in the first study. He says that if the research meets the quality the closeness will be placed in the fact of determining. This means while testing sample consumer attitude and consumer values towards buying behaviour through organic shampoo and body lotion. The evaluation data shows that most of the time similarities results were found in attitude and intention between organic shampoo and body lotion hence, it can be said that the research is replicable. Precision and confidence: Quiroz, Jorge (2012) states that confidence interval is usually constructed to assess the level of precision in the method validation studies. It shown that the finding this research may not be suitable for other organic product which shows in confidence in statistics and no closeness found during the evaluation this may not be precision and confidence in my opinion. .Objectivity : Business Wire(2006, New York) states that objectivity is used for real time processing of complex information, documents and process management, scientific computing and complex defense and security application. And it also says that objectivity also increase the solution based on Data base such as government, telecommunications, internet infrastructure, manufacturing, bio technology, financial services, scientific and IT market. That means in the hypothesis sample which has stated that consumer values and norms and past experience intention in buying towards the organic product were positively influenced which means although price of product un affordable there lots of appealing towards this organic personal care industry hence the research could said it is objective. Generalizability: Lee, Allen S (2003, p.221) states that it is major concern to those who do and use research. It means that the research shows analysis of two products are not applicable to other product categories of organic personal care product and it is also says that there may be needs of further study with diversity of product types to achieve highest generalizability. Parsimony: Maj, S P; Veal, D. (2010, p.3) state that parsimony is used for defining structural knowledge with in field of research. Hence the research is structural and well presented with simple explanation therefore it is parsimony. Aims and Rationale According to bryman and bell (2007) statement should be open and needs to be resulted which should highlighted to be accomplished and then it should reflect the aspiration and expectation of the research topic which will not need to be numbered. He says that after making aims there should be the objectives that needs to achieved aims and objectives of research should be specific task that will accomplish the goal of the project which should be analytical to accomplish that aims. And it should be feasible and focused which means to be addressed the more urgent project to be resulted. Objectives: Here in this article author has made his objective based on examine the US consumer buying behaviour towards the organic personal care product based on theory of plan behaviour which means to analysis the consumer buying behaviours, attitude, values, and norms from the past experience which are being highlighted by the researcher of this article in order accomplish the research aim. That means objectives of research are clearly mentioned above. Questions: Researchers have made their questions targeting to organic shampoos and body lotions. And then question were related to the consumer values, TPB constructs, and consumer past experience which were measured in seven scale. Whereas demographic and socioeconomics were also related. Such as health consciousness, environmental consciousness, appearances consciousness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behaviour control, past experience and purchase intention with in online survey only few members could have participated and many of them have regression during question and answer because of price being unaffordable. This means has been clearly stated. Hypothesis: Hypothesis was made on the basis of sample of product such as organic body lotion and shampoo in order to evaluate the regression of differences between consumer attitude and consumer intention in between those two products. Data of hypothesis found to be little complicated and bias of organic product. Rationalise: Emly R. (2013) states that Rationale is done before starting the research project. And the rationale is the reason for researcher conducting their research in the first place. The research is based on the awareness of US consumers through the environmental consciousness and here what the different authors say is US consumers activities had an impact on environmental protection. (Kangun et al, 1991).as the green product has been popular in US market the more consumer focused on greener product. (Nimse et al, 2007). Although the green product has earned so much popularity in US market there is only focused on marketing strategy instead of focusing to consumer behaviour so to understand the consumer behaviour the research done on the basis of consumer attitude, intention, values and norms of buying behaviour towards the organic personal care product. Research clarified that if the organic product will not understand consumer behaviour soon the company will be in lose. So the research is based on how the organic product is going to be sustained with in the US market. ((Kim,H ;chung,f, 2012) Design and methodology: Design: AQR (2013) states that The importance of research project that includes factors such qualitative approaches or the sample that is targeted in order to interview or observed, numbers of interviewed, research location, questioners outline, and task and material to be introduced. That means the research is design on the basis developing some questioner based on sample of organic shampoos and body lotions targeted to consumers that uses the organic personal care product were interviewed within US. Out of 202 were responded where 53.5% of them were females and others remaining were 44.3 age male some of them argued their view regarding on environmental consciousness and other respondent positively. And investigation of questioners includes question such as consumers value, norms, TBP constructs and consumer past experience. Such types question was interviewed through the source online panel. Which means it is clearly research clearly designed. Methodology: Tutor India (2010) states that it is the data collecting system for research which may be collected for either theoretical or practical research. Research methodology important factor could be validity of research data. It also says that research methodology is followed by the research design which maid is experimental or theoretical. This mean the researchers conducted online investigation with 207 group of member in California which means multiple regression were used for analysing the data of relationship among the variables. In this research shows verification in each and every term of analysis of the article therefore there is no question regarding through this article. Therefore it can be said the research is methodologically clear at all. Limitation: USC library (2013) states that the data analyses which are directly being impacted by characteristics of design and methodology is limitation of the study which controls generalizability and utility of finding. It is says that the data will be chosen to design the study and method which are used for creating internal and external validity. This mean the research has evaluate no such applicable analysis comparing to other organic product according to the data and it says that to have greater generalizability organic personal care product should have other varieties of product. Finding: AQR(2013) states that The main conclusion of the research project which suggest the project to be indicates or usually refers to the result somewhat the recommendation drawn from. The result of analysis which indicate over all environmental consciousness and appearance consciousness are being positively influenced attitude through the organic personal care product which means according to the data analysis in the research consumer relationship of attitude and intention found to be similar between two product. Hence finding is clear. Conclusion: Over all it can be concluded the research is based on Impact of US consumer activities towards the environmental awareness. Here author has done research in understanding US consumer buying behaviour towards the organic personal care product. Hence over all consumer buying behaviours towards environmental consciousness, appear consciousness and health consciousness are seems to be positively influenced. Consumption organic product care product can be seen that of consumed more by females then male And data analysis shows that evaluation of regression in relation of attitude and intention seems to be similar between two products. Therefore the author seems to be having a successful research of organic personal care Product Company. And also the author have suggested the retailer can have great marketing strategy by focusing on more of ecology of beauty, product safety and by providing affordable prices attracting to the customer towards the buying behaviour through organic personal ca re product.

Traditional African Music Essays -- Musical Traditions Essays Papers

Traditional African Music An attempt to pin down a single meaning for the word 'traditional,' presents a problem in many ways. The implications of the word are many, and are tied to various connotations. Some people, Westerners in particular, may actually shun the 'traditional,' as they feel that it implies a resistance to modernity. This view is incorrect, and there exists an ethnocentric double standard when Westerners consider their tradition versus African tradition. Others focus on 'tradition' as that which has always been done, for whatever reason, and that it must be continued to maintain the community, a universal balance, a relationship with the gods, or some other goal. Africa and its people have experienced many hardships over the course of history, from colonization to current attempts at development. Oppression, forced enslavement or other forms of brutality have been constant threats. These dangers have helped create a stronger African identity in many senses. Difficult times bring out in human s a desire to cling to that which is known and familiar, as everything else seems to spiral out of control. As many slaves journeyed across the Middle Passage, for example, they disregarded language and ethnic barriers, and collaborated to make music as an escape from the horrors of their circumstances, in order to create a tie to the homeland. Groups such as the Tumbuka and Dagbamba have also done this. They have managed to retain a strong identity, partially due to the continued use of musical practices; paradoxically, this has tied them to ancestral practices, but also made the transition to modernity easier. In dealing with societies where that which is modern is completely foreign and different from customary, holdin... ... Instead, it is multifaceted and complex. Contrary to what many believe, the retention of traditional practices and a transition to a modern state are not mutually exclusive. The role that tradition and customary behavior and practice play in society depends heavily on the situation and the individual reckoning of the importance of maintaining traditional musical practices, the value placed on time and its rationing, and the possible symbiotic relationship between the modern and the traditional. The analysis of how these three seemingly unrelated concepts interact with each other forms a basis for understanding the extent to which ?traditional? musical elements will be accepted or rejected by a particular society. ?Tradition? does not entail backwardness or inability to react to changes, but rather a continued respect for those who came before and their way of life.

Essay --

Demeter Bibliography: Demeter is a goddess of agriculture and harvest. She is also associated with controlling the seasons (meaning she can control which seasons the crops will grow). Demeter’s parents are the Titan gods Kronos and Rhea. In fact Demeter is the sister of the gods and goddesses Hades, Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, and Hestia. What Demeter is mostly well known for is for her control over all agriculture throughout the seasons and her love for her daughter. She is the mother of Persephone, Despoina, Arion, Plutus, Philomelus, Eubolus, and Amphitheus. Relationship With Other Gods: Demeter is known to have a bad relationship with the god Hades. Demeter had a daughter named Persephone who Hades loved. Due to Persephone’s beauty Hades captured her and partially by force married her. Since Persephone ate while being at hostage to the god Hades, Demeter is only allowed to be with Persephone for nearly half a year. Demeter has a bad relationship to the god Zeus due to the fact that Zeus allowed Hades to marry Demeter’s daughter Persephone without telling her. Demeter also had a shor...

Healthy Grief Essay

Feeling and expressing grief is unique to each individual and it depends on the nature of their loss. People experience all kinds of emotions, pain and sadness that are considered normal reactions to a significant loss. While there is no right or wrong way to grieve, there are healthy ways to cope with the grief (helpguide.org). Elizabeth Kubler-Ross, a Psychiatrist invented the â€Å"five stages of grief†, based on the grieving process when negative life changes and loses happen, such as death of a loved one. The five stages of grief according to Kubler-Ross are responses that many people may go through, but there is not a typical response to loss as there is no typical loss and everyone grieves differently (helpguide.org). The five stages of grief are denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. The story of Job in the Bible is an example that displays all the stages of grief set forth by Kubler-Ross’s grief model. Job was a Christian man who followed the path of God’s will in His life. Kubler-Ross was not a Christian, and formulated the grief model from observing patients in a hospital who were dying from terminal illness. Job suffered great loss in his life and endured different stages in his grieving process but never denounced God. The five stages of grief compared and contrasted with the life of Job Denial The first response of grief according to Kubler-Ross is denial and isolation. This is a stage of shock and numbness and a time when a grieving person is trying to grasp the situation that something tragic has just happened in their life. Job is grieving at his tremendous loss., he lost his children, his wealth and health. It seemed unreal to Job that he tore his clothes, shaved his head and fell on the ground. Job 1: 21 reads â€Å"Naked I came from my mother’s womb, and naked shall I return there. The Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away; Blessed be the name of the Lord â€Å"(The Christian Life Bible). Job mourned and lamented at his loss but did not reject God. In contrast to the grief model where the patients knew they were going to die, Job even in his loss knew that he had life. Job maintained total submission to God’s plan in his life. The things of this world can become overwhelming and meaningless to those who are grieving a great loss but knowing God can help to overcome all difficulties of life. Anger Anger is the second stage of grief. According to Kubler-Ross when a patient can no longer maintain the denial stage, they enter into the stage of anger, rage and resentment and start questioning everyone and everything (Roy,A.). Job cursed the day he was born. Job3:16 illustrate his frustration and he felt that death would be easier to endure than his grief. Job is angry and felt betrayed by God. Job’s anger becomes obvious and can be seen in Job 7:11-15. According to Kubler- Ross, anger is a defense used against the primary feelings of hopelessness and helplessness (grief.com). Job is defending himself by showing his anger to ease his pain of loss. But even in his anger, Job maintains communication with God. The feeling of anger may be towards anyone, may be a person who didn’t attend the funeral, doctors, other family members, loved one who have passed (grief.com). It is natural to feel pain and deserted in this stage and finds it hard to accept the loss. Bargaining In this stage, feeling of guilt is common and trying to blame it on ourselves and questioning selves for things that could have been done different to prevent the loss. A grieving person may bargain or try to negotiate a compromise to ease their pain and try to do anything to not feel the pain of loss. For example, a Hindu friend of mine once wrote a letter to Billy Graham indicating to heal her dying mother from cancer and if the mother lives then she will convert to Christianity. That was a bargain and it did not work. Job is bargaining with God in chapter 13:20-21,† Only two things do not do to me, and then I will not hide myself from You. Withdraw your Hand far from me. And let not the dread of you make me afraid† (The Christian Life Bible). For Job, blaming God and everyone seemed natural due to the fear of taking responsibility for what has happened (faiththerapy.org). Job wants to put an end to his suffering, but instead he bowed down in humility and trusting more in God. Job did not listen to his wife’s plea to curse God and to die, but he remained in submission to God’s plan in his life. Depression According to Kubler-Ross, grief becomes deeper in this stage and feelings of emptiness and intense sadness and loss of hope invades life. When bargaining does not help, the reality of depression sets in. This is a noticeable stage as people are down and uncertain about their future. The loss of a loved one is heart breaking and a stage of depression is considered normal and appropriate in a healthy grieving process by Kubler-Ross (grief.com). It shows that the person has at least begun to accept the reality. Job 7:6 reads,† My days are swifter than a waver’s shuttle, and are spent without hope.† (The Christian Life Bible). Job is facing sadness about the situation that he is facing which is not under his control. Even though Job was depressed he never ran from God’s presence. Job 42:5-6 reads â€Å"I have heard of You by the hearing of the ear, But now my eye sees You. Therefore I abhor myself, and repent in dust and ashes (The Christian Life Bible). Acceptance During this stage according to Kubler-Ross, the person has accepted the reality of the loss of their loved ones and realizes that fighting is not going to make any difference. The loved one is no more physically present and that it is a permanent loss. Past is gone and a new future is set in front to run the race in the absence of the loved one. Job is also finally accepting the fact of his total loss and tries to resolve and come into a trusting relationship with God. In chapter 38 of Job, it displays the fact that Job finally heard from God again. This is an essential step in the grief process to restore relationships and to come in terms with life and meaning to move on with life. Through acceptance, God blessed Job again with more blessings than before and ultimately he regains his strength back. Job 42:10 reads† And the Lord restored Job’s loses when he prayed for his friends. Indeed the Lord gave Job twice as much as he had before.†(The Christian Life Bible). Conclusion From the grief model of Kubler-Ross and the story of Job from the Bible it is clear that grief is a natural process that everyone endures at some point of their life. From the theory of Kubler –Ross, the author points out that a person may or may not go through all the stages during a grieving process and the duration may not be the same and will depend on how one handles grief in their life. The component of faith is not central to Kubler-Ross’s grieving process. Job responds to his grieving situations as a normal person would respond but his tremendous faith in God enables him to overcome all obstacles and regain his joy in life. His faith alone in God carried him through such devastating times. This understanding can become a tremendous source of strength when we find ourselves facing the unthinkable. Job was a man of great integrity who loved the Lord deeply and his faith was genuine, personal and deep. Grieving is a personal experience and how a person grieves depends on their coping style, faith and the nature of loss. It is important to take care of the physical and emotional needs during a grieving process. Unresolved grief can lead to serious consequences in life that can create health problems such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse (helpguide.org). The grieving process takes time and healing happens gradually. Whatever grief a person experiences, it is important to be patient and allow the process to unfold naturally and not to be forced or hurried. References Biblical Answers for Grief. Faith Therapy. Retrieved from http://www.faiththerapy.org/Grief%20Topic.html Coping with Grief and Loss. Understanding the Grieving Process. Retrieved from http://www.helpguide.org/mental/grief_loss.htm Kubler-Ross Five Stages Model. Retrieved from http://www.change-management-coach.com/kubler-ross.html Roy, A. (1991). The Book of Job: A Grief and Human Development Interpretation. Journal of Religion and Health, 30(2). Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00988704 The Five Stages of Grief. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross & David Kessler. Retrieved from http://grief.com/the-five-stages-of-grief/ The Christian Life Bible (1998). Thomas Nelson Publishers.

Kite Runner Essay

In Khaled Hossenis tale of the vindictive pressures borne by those with antagonistic motives, ? The Kite Runner’ illustrates that for one to be relieved from their negative actions, they must undertake the support of heroic qualities. The novel suggests that for one to become closer to self realization they must adopt the use of altruism. Such trait can help lead the characters away from past horrors and grievances. In addition to such quality alone may not be enough, one must also utilize being brave and loyal towards the surrounding world, evoking these personalities allows one to be alleviated from and obtain a conscience free from guilt. However, the novel also displays the possibilities that if one does not enlist the support of such heroic qualities, they will be forced with vehement ramifications which will be burdened upon them, taking them away from a state of tranquillity. To grow closer to self realization, altruism must be evoked. A perfect example of such suggestion is Baba. Trying to be alleviated of his sins, Baba took in Ali and Hassan in order to hide from the pain and disloyalty caused by his earlier mistakes. Utilizing altruism as a positive trait Baba created an orphanage in order to help others in a quest to atone for his sins. Amir going older, had reached a certain stage of realization, he took in the fact that he had to be unselfish and had to sacrifice himself when saving Sohrab from the terrible Afghanistan. Sanaubar had also sought altruism, after coming back to Afghanistan to see her son who she had neglected after birth. â€Å"I have walked long and far t Even more† By obtaining such trait, it becomes easier for one to become closer to godliness. However altruism alone may not suffice. Evoking a since of strength and loyalty, Baba had been brave despite what others thought and their negative reactions, he still undertook the creation of the orphanage on his own. â€Å"Sceptics had urged him to stop . Of course, Baba refused. † Being brave Baba was also willing to sacrifice his life in order to save an innocent woman from being shot and rapped. â€Å"Tell him ill take a thousand of his bullets?.. Indecency take place† Bravery in Amir was unsought for until he was older. He flew back to the troublesome Afghanistan, and fought a once lost battle with the Neo Nazi Assef. Realising that Hassan was a true friend; Amir committed himself to being a loyal friend, and took in Sohrab, Hassans Son. Sanaubar had faced her inner demons and her acts of disgrace by showing up returning to the discrimination of Afghanistan to be with her son and spend her last dying days with him and his family. However, not reaching realization and being away from positive traits may lead to horrific consequences. Such acts include, Amir betraying his loyalty to Hassan, abusing such friendship, each betraying motif had lead to a new lie which soon enough being entrapped under the tangle of lies, being in that sort of state forever haunts him, disallowing him to even hear the words Hassan. Sanaubar could not achieve redemption by fleeing the new born Hassan to save her Reputation, leaving behind her life and her own flesh and blood. Baba had faced a difficult ? bear’ when being forced to commit extraordinary acts in order to admit to his actions and to receive true realization. ?The Kite Runner† has conveyed many possibilities that one may explore for them to redeem for their sins. The Novel illustrates and highlights the relative importance of facing burdensome obstacles and achieving a state of godliness. Without pursuing these demons one may be faced with many ramifications which may sooner or later change their life forever.

Prisons and Jails

The government has imposed punishment as a means to control crime. There are four key justifications for punishing criminals: retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, and rehabilitation (Seiter, R. P. , 2005). These four justifications serve as the goals of the United States correctional system. The other side of retribution can be simply stated that when an offender commits a crime, he must be punished for his actions. Retribution serves as a means to keep the general public safe. (Seiter, R. P. , 2005). In so many ways offenders are punished due to the crimes they commit, you are locked up in a cell and you stay there until you go in front of the judge and receive a sentence if found guilty. Now there are fines you must pay for certain crimes, community service is another consequence for a crime you have committed. No matter what the crime you will have to suffer the consequences for them. Incarceration is the most common example of punishment in the correctional system, but the death penalty and lesser penalties such as probation are also designed to be punitive. Perhaps the most obvious goals of the correctional system is to punish those who are found guilty of crimes. In theory this is suppose to serve as a deterrent against one repeating criminal activity and as an example to others of why criminal activity should be avoided. It is unclear how well the modern U. S. correctional system achieves these goals and whether the money invested in the correctional system might be better spent. The main question is does punishment deter crime at all? Retribution is an act of moral vengeance which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime committed (Macionis, 2006). People have a choice whether or not to do a crime. How Does Our Correctional System Rehabilitate Offenders? In the early 1900’s rehabilitation had emerged as the primary theory of corrections and shaped every aspect of correctional policy and practice. Then in the 1960’s and 1970’s rehabilitation was attacked for not having evidentiary standing and in the resulting turmoil. Rehabilitation has been shown to help offenders to not re-offend where as the other theories have shown to have little to no effect on the reoccurring crime rate and some in fact have been shown to have the opposite effect in increasing the reoccurring crime rate. On any given day there are more than seven million Americans under the supervision of the correctional system which includes approximately 1. 5 million inmates incarceratedin jail, 4. 2 million on probation and over 828,000 on parole according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. The statistics are staggering considering according to the U. S. Census the United States population is 307,006,550 (U. S. Census 2010). So, that means that approximately for every one hundred people two are incarcerated. Also according to the Disaster Center in 2009 31,916,949 crimes were committed in the United States. Giving inmates the opportunity to deal with the reason for entering prison and prison life, will promote alternative ways to handle negative behavioral issues (Hagebrook & Zgoba). The added medical and counsel care, in addition to requiring extensive pre-release counseling will help prepare for constructive life outside of prison. Many inmates enter prison with a mental illness and many are unaware of the illness until they are imprisoned (cdcr. ca. gov). It would be very beneficial to treat the illness head on, at that point. Which Method Is More Effective? I feel that rehabilitation would be a more effective way in reducing crime for these reasons. When an inmate has access to options to help themselves change for the better and re-enter the outside world again, then they are willing to make a difference. Now Therapy is another form of rehabilitation needed to help deter individuals from committing future crimes. Some examples of therapy include drug therapy to those offenders addicted to drugs and psychological counseling to those offenders who grew up in an abusive household. Rehabilitation can help to solve the problem of overcrowding in most prisons. The criminal population continues growing, as the death penalty has been abolished, and the state would need to spend more on facilities to house criminals. Education is one of the ways in which this positive change was affected. Education works in two levels to successfully rehabilitate the criminal. I do see that in criminal rehabilitation, prisoners are given opportunities to increase their content knowledge base. This is essential as studies show that many inmates do not have basic grade school education. Is will also impede their success of acquiring jobs, thus many had to turn to a life crime. Rehabilitation also ensures that inmates are socially well adjusted. Psychological assessments are being meted to test for mental or physical disabilities that led to their incarceration in the first place. I personally do know a few ex cons and from what they went through in prison to get help for a better life out here in society was real nice to see, I haven’t seen them even step back to the old ways they had of committing crimes, and I always hear them tell me that they just want to keep their Freedom! So I do what I can to help them stay on the right track, and if they even think that it will make them happier to back track. I just throw up what they will be missing out on in this world, and how hurt their family members will be without them daily. So with that said I for sure think that Rehabilitation is the best for our convicts these days.

Animal Farm, Theme, Tone, Imagery Essay

The theme of â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell is there are dangers of a naive working class if the abuse of language as instrumental to the abuse of power is applied. For example, on page 31 â€Å"Comrades! You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in selfishness and privilege? Milk and apples contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brain workers; the organization of the farm totally depends on us† Squealer cried. This is manipulation of language to make the Animals believe that the pigs should be given the best of the food production. According to Squealer mental work is more exhausting than physical work. This shows manipulation, because Orwell refers back to the Russian Revolution of 1917 when Stalin took over Russia and he didn’t follow Marx’s ideas, as Napoleon didn’t follow the idea of Animalism. Joseph Stalin killed anything in his path and modified the laws to his benefit, as Napoleon did throughout the book. Also, on page 100 the hens are requested to give six hundred eggs a week, and the other animals wore asked to build a windmill and a schoolroom while their food rations are being reduced. Everything in total is mostly for the pigs benefit, as in the schoolroom for the teachings of the young pigs, and the money for the sale of the eggs is making. There are dangers of having a naive working class because, people can be manipulated by the abuse of propaganda. Tone Orwell creates an indignant tone throughout the classic Animal Farm. The indignant tone is shown through out the book, because Orwell feels anger about how unfair the Russian Revolution was and, how naive society can be when people don’t work for rights. In Chapter V, â€Å"At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws. † According to SparkNotes, Editors, â€Å"These words from Chapter V describe Napoleon’s violent expulsion of Snowball from Animal Farm, which parallels the falling-out between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky. As Stalin did, Napoleon prefers to work behind the scenes to build his power by secrecy and deception, while Snowball, as Trotsky did, devote himself to winning popular support through his ideas and his eloquence. † The tone Orwell creates all refers back to the Russian Revolution, Napoleon decided to create his own power ignoring what the real idea of Animalism that Old Major created. Napoleon ignores Animalism, because creates a more of a totalitarian government. He makes himself President when in reality he is a dictator. Orwell shows that he is indignant about Joseph Stalin and how he used to kill people who got in a way of his power, as Napoleon who is really ambitious and kills opponents to his ideas. Imagery Through out the book Animal Farm, George Orwell uses examples of imagery to make a better vivid image to show the readers how unfair the Russian Revolution was. Old Major’s dream is an example of imagery. Old Major’s dream is about equality. Old Major tells the other animals that â€Å"Man is the only creature that consumes without producing,† and he encourages them to â€Å"work night and day, body and soul, for the over-throw of the human race. † In short, he explains that men have been taking advantage of them for years, and that it’s time for the tyranny of man to end but, what he is really talking about is rebellion. Major’s dream is a simplest version of Communist Manifesto; the basic idea of the Manifesto was capitalism was seriously unfair. The workers never saw the products of their labor because the capitalists, the people who owned the means of production claimed the profit for themselves. As in the book, Mr. Jones never showed the animals any affection or appreciation thus the animals for their work. The author used imagery in this occasion because he wanted to portray a negative view of how he attended his farm, and to give him an instant poor reputation because of his usage of alcoholism. Equally imagery was utilized by Orwell in pages 107-108 when a main working class character, Boxer, was being taken away by the Horse Slaughterer. Evidently, the usage of imagery helped to see how the animals responded towards the last seeing of one of their own, and how violent Boxer responded. In brief, all the vivid images Orwell cause was for the caused of the comprehension of how the ones being use by the ones with power are being affected. Imagery in Animal Farm helps the reader have a better idea and comprehension of what allegorically message Orwell is trying to transmit through the animals. Literary Devices Dramatic Irony is used throughout the book, dramatic irony was shown when Squealer and Napoleon persuasive the animals that Boxer died in peace. The death of Boxer shows Dramatic Irony because the reader knows that Boxer didn’t actually die in peace he actually was sent to a Slaughter house to get killed. Squealer tells the animals that the van that came to pick up Boxer was from hasn’t been repainted since the past owners. This is dramatic irony because the van clearly says, â€Å"‘Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler, Willingdon. Dealer in Hides and Bone-Meal. Kennels Supplied. In page 13 and 30 there was a bucket of milk left for the animals to use it in their mash, but once they left one animal stayed behind for some minutes, Napoleon, after the animals came back the milk had disappeared. Dramatic irony was seen and use here because the reader would comprehend how Napoleon actually took the milk for his food and some other pigs too, but wasn’t planning to share it with the rest of the animals in the farm, as it has been proven in page 30 when the animals found out that he actually took the milk. In a brief, page 13 the reader was actually the only one able to understand that Napoleon took the milk while the rest of the animals didn’t have a clue until page 30. Orwell wants the audience to know how the animals are been fooled and brain washed by Sealer and Napoleon and the animals are too naive to understand and see what really is happening. Genre Analysis Animal Far m is an example of an allegory classic; this novel teaches the reader how unfair was the Russian Revolution and what a big impact it had in the 1917-1921. Napoleon’s Initiative represents Stalin’s five year plans, In Animal Farm, Napoleon has the animals working harder than ever. Even the neighboring humans â€Å"had developed a certain respect for the efficiency with which the animals were managing their own affairs† But the animals are still starving. And just like Stalin, Napoleon uses tricks to â€Å"conceal this fact from the outside world† Napoleon sends the sheep out to talk about increased rations and has empty food bins filled with sand, lots of fiber, but unfortunately not too filling. Orwell is trying to teach the reader that society can be really dumb and easy to be manipulated, and people obey those who say they have power because society is too naive to take initiative of their own. The Hen’s rebellion represents Stalin’s Great Purge, The hens refuse to give up their eggs; Napoleon starves them; several of the hens die; the rest simply give up. Then, the pigs confess that they were working with Snowball and Mr. Frederick, and a moment later the dogs â€Å"tore their throats out† And then it happens again, with hens from the rebellion, a goose, and several sheep. Napoleon contradicts himself based on the first seven commandments, â€Å"No animal shall kill another animal†. Napoleon changes this commandment to â€Å"No animal shall be killed without cause. † Orwell wants the reader to understand that sometimes leaders change laws to their benefit and citizens don’t claim anything against them, because they are too scare to speak u. Animal Farm is a great allegoric novel because it teaches the reader how cruel the world can be when there is not actual equality and society gets intimated by people with power.

Frostbite Chapter 7

Seven I ANGRILY PUSHED THROUGH THE double doors that led into the Moroi dorm. Snow swirled in behind me, and a few people lingering on the main floor glanced up upon my entrance. Not surprisingly, several of them did double takes. Swallowing, I forced myself not to react. It would be okay. No need to freak out. Novices got injured all the time. It was actually rarer not to get injured. Admittedly, this was a more noticeable injury than most, but I could live with it until it healed, right? And it wasn't like anyone would know how I'd received it. â€Å"Hey Rose, is it true your own mother punched you?† I froze. I'd know that taunting soprano voice anywhere. Turning slowly, I looked into the deep blue eyes of Mia Rinaldi. Curly blond hair framed a face that might have been cute if not for the malicious smirk on it. A year younger than us, Mia'd taken on Lissa (and me by default) in a war to see who could tear apart the other's life most quicklya war, I should add, that she started. It had involved her stealing Lissa's ex-boyfrienddespite the fact Lissa had decided in the end she didn't want himand the spreading of all sorts of rumors. Admittedly, Mia's hatred hadn't been entirely unjustified. Lissa's older brother, Andrewho had been killed in the same car accident that technically â€Å"killed† mehad used Mia pretty badly when she was a freshman. If she weren't such a bitch now, I would have felt sorry for her. It had been wrong of him, and while I could understand her anger, I don't know that it was fair of her to take that out on Lissa in the way she did. Lissa and I had technically won the war in the end, but Mia had inexplicably bounced back. She didn't run with the same elite that she once had, but she had rebuilt a small contingent of friends. Malicious or not, strong leaders always attract followers. I'd found that about 90 percent of the time, the most effective response was to ignore her. But we had just crossed over to the other 10 percent, because it's impossible to ignore someone announcing to the world that your mother just punched youeven if it was true. I stopped walking and turned around. Mia stood near a vending machine, knowing she'd drawn me out. I didn't bother asking how she'd found out about my mother giving me the black eye. Things rarely stayed secret around here. When she caught full sight of my face, her eyes widened in unabashed delight. â€Å"Wow. Talk about a face only a mother could love.† Ha. Cute. From anyone else, I would have applauded the joke. â€Å"Well, you're the expert on face injury,† I said. â€Å"How's your nose?† Mia's icy smile twitched a little, but she didn't back down. I'd broken her nose about a month agoat a school dance of all placesand while the nose had since healed, it now sat just the tiniest bit askew. Plastic surgery could probably fix it up, but from my understanding of her family's finances, that wasn't possible just now. â€Å"It's better,† she replied primly. â€Å"Fortunately, it was only broken by a psychopathic whore and not anyone actually related to me.† I gave her my best psychopathic smile. â€Å"Too bad. Family members hit you by accident. Psychopathic whores tend to come back for more.† Threatening physical violence against her was usually a pretty sound tactic, but we had too many people around right now for that to be a legitimate concern for her. And Mia knew it. Not that I was above attacking someone in this kind of settinghell, I'd done it lots of timesbut I was trying to work on my impulse control lately. â€Å"Doesn't look like much of an accident to me,† she said. â€Å"Don't you guys have rules about face punches? I mean, that looks really far out of bounds.† I opened my mouth to tell her off, but nothing came out. She had a point. My injury was far out of bounds; in that sort of combat, you aren't supposed to hit above the neck. This was way above that forbidden line. Mia saw my hesitation, and it was like Christmas morning had come a week early for her. Until that moment, I don't think there'd ever been a time in our antagonistic relationship in which she'd rendered me speechless. â€Å"Ladies,† came a stern, female voice. The Moroi attending the front desk leaned over it and fixed us with a sharp look. â€Å"This is a lobby, not a lounge. Either go upstairs or go outside.† For a moment, breaking Mia's nose again sounded like the best idea in the worldto hell with detention or suspension. After a deep breath, I decided retreat was my most dignified action now. I stalked off toward the stairs leading up to the girls' dorm. Over my shoulder, I heard Mia call, â€Å"Don't worry, Rose. It'll go away. Besides, it's not your face guys are interested in.† Thirty seconds later, I beat on Lissa's door so hard, it was a wonder my fist didn't go through the wood. She opened it slowly and peered around. â€Å"Is it just you out here? I thought there was an army at theoh my God.† Her eyebrows shot up when she noticed the left side of my face. â€Å"What happened?† â€Å"You haven't heard already? You're probably the only one in the school who hasn't,† I grumbled. â€Å"Just let me in.† Sprawling on her bed, I told her about the day's events. She was properly appalled. â€Å"I heard you'd been hurt, but I figured it was one of your normal things,† she said. I stared up at the spackled ceiling, feeling miserable. â€Å"The worst part is, Mia was right. It wasn't an accident.† â€Å"What, you're saying your mom did it on purpose?† When I didn't answer, Lissa's voice turned incredulous. â€Å"Come on, she wouldn't do that. No way.† â€Å"Why? Because she's perfect Janine Hathaway, master of controlling her temper? The thing is, she's also perfect Janine Hathaway, master of fighting and controlling her actions. One way or another, she slipped up.† â€Å"Yeah, well,† said Lissa, â€Å"I think her stumbling and missing her punch is more likely than her doing it on purpose. She'd have to really lose her temper.† â€Å"Well, she was talking to me. That's enough to make anyone lose their temper. And I accused her of sleeping with my dad because he was the soundest evolutionary choice.† â€Å"Rose,† groaned Lissa. â€Å"You kind of left out that part in your recap. Why'd you say that to her?† â€Å"Because it's probably true.† â€Å"But you had to know it'd upset her. Why do you keep provoking her? Why can't you just make peace with her?† I sat upright. â€Å"Make peace with her? She gave me a black eye. Probably on purpose! How do I make peace with someone like that?† Lissa just shook her head and walked over to the mirror to check her makeup. The feelings coming through our bond were ones of frustration and exasperation. Lingering in the back was a bit of anticipation, too. I had the patience to examine her carefully, now that I'd finished my venting. She had on a silky lavender shirt and a knee-length black skirt. Her long hair had the kind of smooth perfection only achieved by spending an hour of your life on it with a hair dryer and flat iron. â€Å"You look nice. What's up?† Her feelings shifted slightly, her irritation with me dimming a little. â€Å"I'm meeting Christian soon.† For a few minutes there, it had felt like the old days with Lissa and me. Just us, hanging out and talking. Her mention of Christian, as well as the realization that she'd have to leave me soon for him, stirred up dark feelings in my chest†¦feelings I had to reluctantly admit were jealousy. Naturally, I didn't let on to that. â€Å"Wow. What'd he do to deserve that? Rescue orphans from a burning building? If so, you might want to make sure he didn't set the building on fire in the first place.† Christian's element was fire. It was fitting since it was the most destructive one. Laughing, she turned from the mirror and noticed me gently touching my swollen face with my fingers. Her smile turned kind. â€Å"It doesn't look that bad.† â€Å"Whatever. I can tell when you're lying, you know. And Dr. Olendzki says it'll be even worse tomorrow.† I lay back down on the bed. â€Å"There probably isn't enough concealer in the world to cover this, is there? Tasha and I'll have to invest in some Phantom of the Opera-style masks.† She sighed and sat on the bed near me. â€Å"Too bad I can't just heal it.† I smiled. â€Å"That would be nice.† The compulsion and charisma brought on by spirit were great, but really, healing was her coolest ability. The range of things she could achieve was staggering. Lissa was also thinking about what spirit could do. â€Å"I wish there were some other way to control the spirit †¦ in a way that still let me use the magic†¦.† â€Å"Yeah,† I said. I understood her burning desire to do great things and help people. It radiated off of her. Hell, I would also have liked to have this eye cleared up in an instant rather than days. â€Å"I wish there were too.† She sighed again. â€Å"And there's more to me than just wishing I could heal and do other stuff with spirit. I also, well, just miss the magic. It's still there; it's just blocked off by the pills. It's burning inside of me. It wants me, and I want it. But there's a wall between us. You just can't imagine it.† â€Å"I can, actually.† It was true. Along with having a general sense for her feelings, I could sometimes also â€Å"slip into her.† It was hard to explain and ever harder to endure. When that happened, I could literally see through her eyes and feel what she experienced. During those times, I was her. Many times, I'd been in her head while she longed for the magic, and I'd felt the burning need she spoke of. She often woke up at night, yearning for the power she could no longer reach. â€Å"Oh yeah,† she said ruefully. â€Å"I forget about that sometimes.† A sense of bitterness filled her. It wasn't directed at me so much as it was the no-win nature of her situation. Anger sparked inside of her. She didn't like feeling helpless any more than I did. The anger and frustration intensified into something darker and uglier, something I didn't like. â€Å"Hey,† I said, touching her arm. â€Å"You okay?† She closed her eyes briefly, then opened them. â€Å"I just hate it.† The intensity of her feelings reminded me of our conversation, the one we'd had just before I went to the Badica house. â€Å"You still feel like the pills might be weakening?† â€Å"I don't know. A little.† â€Å"Is it getting worse?† She shook her head. â€Å"No. I still can't use the magic. I feel closer to it†¦ but it's still blocked off.† â€Å"But you still†¦ your moods †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yeah †¦ they're acting up. But don't worry,† she said, seeing my face. â€Å"I'm not seeing things or trying to hurt myself.† â€Å"Good.† I was glad to hear it but still worried. Even if she still couldn't touch the magic, I didn't like the idea of her mental state slipping again. Desperately, I hoped the situation would just stabilize on its own. â€Å"I'm here,† I told her softly, holding her gaze. â€Å"If anything happens that's weird†¦you tell me, okay?† Like that, the dark feelings disappeared within her. As they did, I felt a weird ripple in the bond. I can't explain what it was, but I shuddered from the force. Lissa didn't notice. Her mood perked up again, and she smiled at me. â€Å"Thanks,† she said. â€Å"I will.† I smiled, happy to see her back to normal. We lapsed into silence, and for the briefest of moments, I wanted to pour my heart out to her. I'd had so much on my mind lately: my mother, Dimitri, and the Badica house. I'd been keeping those feelings locked up, and they were tearing me apart. Now, feeling so comfortable with Lissa for the first time in a long time, I finally felt that I could let her into my feelings for a change. Before I could open my mouth, I felt her thoughts suddenly shift. They became eager and nervous. She had something she wanted to tell me, something she'd been thinking about intently. So much for pouring my heart out. If she wanted to talk, I wouldn't burden her with my problems, so I pushed them aside and waited for her to speak. â€Å"I found something in my research with Ms. Carmack. Something strange†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Oh?† I asked, instantly curious. Moroi usually developed their specialized element during adolescence. After that, they were put into magic classes specific to that element. But as the only spirit user on record at the moment, Lissa didn't really have a class she could join. Most people believed she just hadn't specialized, but she and Ms. Carmackthe magic teacher at St. Vladimir'shad been meeting independently to learn what they could about spirit. They researched both current and old records, checking for clues that might lead to other spirit users, now that they knew some of the telltale signs: an inability to specialize, mental instability, etc. â€Å"I didn't find any confirmed spirit users, but I did find†¦reports of, um, unexplained phenomena.† I blinked in surprise. â€Å"What kind of stuff?† I asked, pondering what would count as â€Å"unexplained phenomena† for vampires. When she and I had lived with humans, we would have been considered unexplained phenomena. â€Å"They're scattered reports†¦but, like, I read this one about a guy who could make others see things that weren't there. He could get them to believe they were seeing monsters or other people or whatever.† â€Å"That could be compulsion.† â€Å"Really powerful compulsion. I couldn't do that, and I'm strongeror used to bein it than anyone we know. And that power comes from using spirit†¦.† â€Å"So,† I finished, â€Å"you think this illusion guy must have been a spirit user too.† She nodded. â€Å"Why not contact him and find out?† â€Å"Because there's no information listed! It's secret. And there are others just as strange. Like someone who could physically drain others. People standing nearby would get weak and lose all their strength. They'd pass out. And there was someone else who could stop things in midair when they were thrown at him.† Excitement lit up her features. â€Å"He could have been an air user,† I pointed out. â€Å"Maybe,† she said. I could feel the curiosity and excitement swirling through her. She desperately wanted to believe there were others out there like her. I smiled. â€Å"Who knew? Moroi have Roswell- and Area 51-type stuff. It's a wonder I'm not being studied somewhere to see if they can figure out the bond.† Lissa's speculative mood turned teasing. â€Å"I wish I could see into your mind sometimes. I'd like to know how you feel about Mason.† â€Å"He's my friend,† I said stoutly, surprised at the abrupt change in subject. â€Å"That's it.† She tsked. â€Å"You used to flirtand do other stuffwith any guy you could get your hands on.† â€Å"Hey!† I said, offended. â€Å"I wasn't that bad.† â€Å"Okay†¦maybe not. But you don't seem interested in guys anymore.† I was interested in guyswell, one guy. â€Å"Mason's really nice,† she continued. â€Å"And crazy about you.† â€Å"He is,† I agreed. I thought about Mason, about that brief moment when I'd thought he was sexy outside Stan's class. Plus, Mason was really funny, and we got along beautifully. He wasn't a bad prospect as far as boyfriends went. â€Å"You guys are a lot alike. You're both doing things you shouldn't.† I laughed. That was also true. I recalled Mason's eagerness to take on every Strigoi in the world. I might not be ready for thatdespite my outburst in the carbut I shared some of his recklessness. It might be time to give him a shot, I thought. Bantering with him was fun, and it had been a long time since I'd kissed anyone. Dimitri made my heart ache †¦ but, well, it wasn't like anything else was going on there. Lissa watched me appraisingly, like she knew what I was thinkingwell, aside from the Dimitri stuff. â€Å"I heard Meredith say you were an idiot for not going out with him. She said it's because you think you're too good for him.† â€Å"What! That's not true.† â€Å"Hey, I didn't say it. Anyway, she said she's thinking of going after him.† â€Å"Mason and Meredith?† I scoffed. â€Å"That's a disaster in the making. They have nothing in common.† It was petty, but I'd gotten used to Mason always doting on me. Suddenly, the thought of someone else getting him irked me. â€Å"You're possessive,† Lissa said, again guessing my thoughts. No wonder she got so annoyed at me reading her mind. â€Å"Only a little.† She laughed. â€Å"Rose, even if it's not Mason, you really should start dating again. There are lots of guys who would kill to go out with youguys who are actually nice.† I hadn't always made the best choices when it came to men. Once again, the urge to spill all my worries to her seized me. I'd been hesitant to tell her about Dimitri for so long, even though the secret burned inside of me. Sitting with her here reminded me that she was my best friend. I could tell her anything, and she wouldn't judge me. But, just like earlier, I lost the chance to tell her what was on my mind. She glanced over at her alarm clock and suddenly sprang up from the bed. â€Å"I'm late! I've got to meet Christian!† Joy filled her, underscored with a bit of nervous anticipation. Love. What could you do? I swallowed back the jealousy that started to raise its ugly head. Once again, Christian had taken her away from me. I wasn't going to be able to unburden myself tonight. Lissa and I left the dorm, and she practically sprinted away, promising we'd talk tomorrow. I wandered back to my own dorm. When I got to my room, I passed by my mirror and groaned when I saw my face. Dark purple surrounded my eye. In talking to Lissa, I'd almost forgotten about the whole incident with my mother. Stopping to get a closer look, I stared at my face. Maybe it was egotistical, but I knew I looked good. I wore a C-cup and had a body much coveted in a school where most of the girls were supermodel slim. And as I'd noted earlier, my face was pretty too. On a typical day, I was a nine around hereten on a very good one. But today? Yeah. I was practically in negative numbers. I was going to look fabulous for the ski trip. â€Å"My mom beat me up,† I informed my reflection. It looked back sympathetically. With a sigh, I decided I might as well get ready for bed. There was nothing else I wanted to do tonight, and maybe extra sleep would speed the healing. I went down the hall to the bathroom to wash my face and brush my hair. When I got back to my room, I slipped on my favorite pajamas, and the feel of soft flannel cheered me up a little. I was packing my backpack for the next day when a burst of emotion abruptly shot through my bond with Lissa. It caught me unaware and gave me no chance to fight it. It was like being knocked over by a hurricane-force wind, and suddenly, I was no longer looking at my backpack. I was â€Å"inside† Lissa, experiencing her world firsthand. And that's when things got awkward. Because Lissa was with Christian. And things were getting †¦ hot.

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